Community | January 23, 2009 | 42 comments

Trees dying twice as quickly as they did three decades ago

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SeaJade
We need to reforest as much as possible as quickly as possible. Trees are one of our most important allies to absorb carbons and balance our weather systems. They are here for many reasons. "Global Warming Increasing Death Rate of US Trees, Scientists Warn
Thursday 22 January 2009
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by: Alok Jha, The Guardian UK


Trees in the west are dying more quickly due to global warming. (Photo: Reuters)
Studies find wide range of tree species are dying with serious long-term effects for biodiversity and carbon dioxide release.

Trees in the western United States are dying twice as quickly as they did three decades ago and scientists think global warming is to blame.

In their surveys, ecologists found that a wide range of tree species were dying including pines, firs and hemlocks and at a variety of altitudes. The changes can have serious long-term effects including reducing biodiversity and turning western forests into a source of carbon dioxide as they die and decompose. That could lead to a runaway effect that speeds up climate change.

"The trend was pervasive across a wide variety of forest types, across all elevations, in trees of all sizes and among major species," said Phillip van Mantgem of the US Geological Survey (USGS). "At the same time, the rate of new establishment of trees didn't change."

If these trends continued, he said, forests will become sparser and store less carbon. "It introduces the possibility that western forests could be come net sources or carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, further speeding up global warming."

The forest survey, carried out by a team of scientists led by van Mantgem, is published tomorrow in the journal Science. It showed that death rates of trees overall had more than doubled since 1955. In the Pacific north-west and British Columbia, deaths had doubled in 17 years. In California, the death rate took 25 years to double.

The work is the first large-scale study of death rates in forests or temperate regions. Much of the world's population - in North America, Europe, most of China and large portions of Russia - live near temperate forests so what happens in these forests has global importance, according to Jerry Franklin, a professor of forest resources at the University of Washington and a co-author of the study.

The researchers think that warming global temperature is the most likely cause for the dramatic decline. From the 1970s to 2006, the period that includes most of the surveyors' tree data, the average annual temperature of the western US increased by 0.3C-0.4C, and increased even more at the higher elevations that are normally covered in forests.

"While this may not sound like much, it has been enough to reduce winter snowpack, cause earlier snowmelt, and lengthen the summer drought," said van Mantgem. This longer summer drought means less water for trees and it also encourages the growth of insects and diseases that attack the plants. Recent outbreaks of tree-killing bark beetles in the western US have already been linked to warmer temperatures.

Mark Harmon, a forest ecologist at Oregon State University, said another concern from the study is that a climate feedback loop could develop from the increased death rate of trees. As temperatures rise, the smaller forests will not only absorb less CO2 but will emit more greenhouse gases ias the dead material decays. This, in turn, would lead to even higher levels of global warming." continued below or at link....
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42 comments // Trees dying twice as quickly as they did three decades ago

  • Mikeysfake1
    • 0
      Mikeysfake1  
    • There's hundred's of thousands of square miles of old growth forest. It's not economically efficient to forest in the old growths. What about the plants that were blocked out by the tree?

    • 3 years ago
  • joy2yah
    • 0
      joy2yah  
    • I agree we all need to plant trees but as a reminder you also need to put in a garden this spring as food prices will continue to rise. The elders always had some type of garden going. I recall them telling me that's how they made it through the great depression-if someone had chickens and eggs they would barter and trade with someone who had greens.Yes it may get that bad- You can grow vegtables in containers on your porch.We should all plant a garden regardless of your evironment.
      I am old enough to remember what the elders instructed us to do.If you are lucky enough to have an elder in your family go talk to them."make a hole drop a small fish back fill to 2 inches drop a seed back fill press down firmly and water add patience".Fill your life with Joy!

    • 3 years ago
  • carmalite
    • 0
      carmalite  
    • Because of Katrina, we lost 1000 trees, and we know this as we hired an expert to estimate. We have some acerage and it was dense and overgrown and we just let nature do her thing with no thinning or removing trees.

      I think the deforestation due to Katrina and the stupid burning of the debris after has contributed to global warming. They could have used the debris improve the fertility of the dieing wetlands, but no, Bush's contractors wanted to burn it. We had weeks of choking smoke.

      We just left our disaster as it is and removed only that which prevented entrance into or out of our property or what was a danger.

      I planted some new trees in spaces. Pine trees and cypress trees grown really fast and because of that create more oxygen.
      Everyone should plant a tree where they can.

    • 3 years ago
  • pinkerbelle
  • carmalite
    • 0
      carmalite  
    • carmalite:

      All they think about is money. After Katrina they passed that act that eleminated the "going wage" for the area so their parasitic contractor friends could rip off workers. They trucked in thousands of illegals and did not even pay them minimum wage and certainly not the SS and Medicare part. So they stole from ALL of us, just as the bankers on Wall Street stole from all of us.

      Bush, cheney and most but not all of the republicons are nothing but thieves who prey upon the weak. Money is their God and they don't love trees or mother nature either.

    • 3 years ago
  • pinkerbelle
    • 0
      pinkerbelle  
    • that's insane!

      But if we plant more trees, wouldn't they just die also since all those insects and summer droughts are already there?? By planting more trees with the problem of these beetles would be doing nothing but giving these beetles more to munch on. I think the US government should work on getting rid of these beetles.

      Here, in Ontario a few years back, we had a beetle called the asian long horned beetle and it would eat through the barks of various trees. What was scarier was that there was a conservation area where there were over a hundred different types of trees planted. Anyway, the government worked really hard to get rid of these beetles and cut down A LOT of the trees that were infected, they also cut down the trees surrounding it too.

      As for the drought problem...i don't know what to tell you. It's impossible to water an entire forest. But at least if you take out of the factors that are killing off the trees, they stand a better chance of living.

      ..tell obama, I'm sure he'll do something about it

    • 3 years ago
  • SeaJade
    • 0
      SeaJade  
    • Image
    • This link is to a page with some good and basic information about trees and why we need them.

      Here is an excerpt:
      Why save trees?

      Ficus MacrophyllaTrees clean the air. Tree foliage works as a natural air filter of particulate matter such as dust, micro sized metals and pollutants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and sulfur dioxides. Trees take in carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. Combined with the cooling effect of trees, these processes can have a significant impact on reducing smog and overall air pollution.

      Trees improve water quality. A healthy urban forest can have a strong influence on our region’s water quality. Tree canopies and root systems slow and reduce storm water runoff, flooding and erosion. Trees also help filter water runoff reducing potential sources of water pollution into our rivers and storm drains.

      Trees save energy. Trees cool the air naturally in two ways: through water evaporating from the leaves and direct shade. Homes shaded by trees need less energy for cooling which means lower monthly utility bills in summer and a reduced need for utilities to increase power generation to meet peak load demand.

      Trees raise real estate value. Shaded neighborhoods and well-landscaped yards have a positive economic influence on real estate values, timeliness of house sales and neighborhood desirability. Studies report that landscaping speeds the sale of a home by four to six weeks.

      From: www.sactree.com

      Trees are good for business. A series of studies has investigated associations between the urban forest and people’s response to shopping settings. Scientific results suggest that having trees in the business district streetscape is an important investment for a business community. The presence of a quality urban forest positively influences shoppers' perceptions, and probably, their behavior.

      From: http://www.cfr.washington.edu/research.envmind/consumer.html

      Pinus CanariensisTrees help stop inner city violence. A scientific study by the Human-Environment Research Lab has demonstrated that contact with nature may actually help reduce the incidence of aggression and violence in inner-city neighborhoods. According to this study, levels of aggression were significantly lower among people who had some kind of nature outside of their apartments versus those who didn't. The impact of the physical environment on human aggression has been well-established - crowding, high temperatures, and noise have all been linked to violent behavior. Some scientists believe that it's because people living under these conditions suffer from something called chronic mental fatigue, which can make them inattentive, irritable, and impulsive - all of which can be linked to aggressive behavior. Exposure to green spaces, it has been shown, can mitigate the harmful effects of chronic mental fatigue, reducing aggressive behavior in the process.

      From: http://www.sactree.com/ruff/ufrf96/RUFRHome.html

      continued at link above....

    • 3 years ago
  • SeaJade
    • 0
      SeaJade  
    • Image
    • We are very fortunate to have this organization called "Tree People" in Southern California - they do an extraordinary job of urban and natural forest restoration, and education as well as plant fruit trees in disadvantaged neighborhoods....

    • 3 years ago
  • carmalite
  • krush_productions
  • SeaJade
  • Lirybka
  • carmalite
  • jyotti
    • 0
      jyotti  
    • Well, I'm losing a couple firs every year now in NorCal.. 60 to 80 footers. Unless these beetles are micro-scopic, it's gotta be something else. And yes, I do of course inspect the tops of every one I fall.

      What may be even more profound .. UC Davis has installed a "Pollution Sniffer" up on Cahto Peak, to measure the pollution coming over from Asia. Whether it be the beetles, global warming, pollution, or even electro-magnetics .. it deserves our attention.

    • 3 years ago
  • ruebezahl
    • 0
      ruebezahl  
    • Forest fires will not alone take care of the damage to the trees, We did not have long enough cold winters to kill pest off. Their survival rate is higher therefore they attack trees longer, The soil is less productive because their is not enough water in the soil to strengthen the distribution of nutrition for the tree, , Even if you plant new trees the young tree could not take enough nutrients out of the soil to satisfy there need unless they ground is irrigated natural or with a irrigation system. Cutting more old growth tree will only renter the soil less productive. Cleaning out the forest my help a little pit so moister could be saved for healthy trees,

    • 3 years ago
  • RedGreenBlue
  • wally60
    • 0
      wally60  
    • i cut standing dead pine in nm. most are killed by the bark beatle.we have not had a good winter down here
      for quite a while.but the forest dow here is overgrown with trees.
      it hasent been logged in 40 years
      so the tree huggers say dont log any of them well guess
      what it will burn down dont get me wrong i love the forest
      but i think we have screwed it up by stopping forest fires.
      now we are in a spot we cant let them burn there is to much fuel on the ground.

    • 3 years ago
  • numinant
  • carmalite
    • 0
      carmalite  
    • numinant:

      I think the earth is dieing because mankind was not mindful of the wonderful gift that God had given him.
      The greedy and selfish interpret the bible to say that man can do as he pleases to the earth when it really says he is to be a good steward.

      Well....I just hope its not too late.

    • 3 years ago
  • ChewWawa
    • 0
      ChewWawa  
    • There was an article recently posted about trees in Canada releasing CO2 rather than hosting it like a sink due to overload. Add to this the changing climate, and we've got one heck of a problem. Trees will not be able to adapt quick enough to the change in temp re: NPR's a small change in degrees can make a big difference. Google Lago Guri: that's what our world is going to look like if we don't get to it.

    • 3 years ago
  • labouton
  • telcod
    • 0
      telcod  
    • Ronald Reagan said it best, "You seen one tree, you seen em all." God Bless America and Gold bless Ronald Reagan. PT Barnum was right.

    • 3 years ago
  • numinant
  • carmalite
    • 0
      carmalite  
    • telcod:

      Ronald Reagan was a racist, classist, and a fascist, and a greedy old pig who could not see the beauty and value of what his alledged God had given him. Or he did not believe in God, in reality.

      He also told on movie stares during McCarthyism who were mildly socialist. He was a rat.

    • 3 years ago
  • leahl
  • Auberella
    • 0
      Auberella  
    • Well Carbon-Dioxide isn't to blame.
      If we plant 4x more trees than we have then we will be good :P
      no seriously plant more trees

    • 3 years ago
  • naty_forty
  • derk
  • nursediesel
    • 0
      nursediesel  
    • Before we moved into the lovely hills in the west mother nature allowed uncontroled forest fires caused by lightening strikes to clear forests and allowed regrowth and the smaller trees could then grow without huge ones shading them, It all works in balance.

    • 3 years ago
  • Tyrannous
  • ras_menelik
    • 0
      ras_menelik  
    • Image
    • Until now, many forest studies have looked at the role wildfires and beetle infestations have had on western forests. Others have looked at the way species are beginning to move to higher elevations. Each of these is related to warming.

      If trees are being killed of we can't plant our way out of this!!

    • 3 years ago
  • banditalamode
    • 0
      banditalamode  
    • I'm sure it's global warming, but I live in Colorado and Pine Beetles have put quite a dent in the pine tree population. I don't know if their effects were included or excluded in these numbers, it would be interesting to find out.

    • 3 years ago
  • ii386
    • 0
      ii386  
    • There are many tree-planting initiatives out there on the internet and in your own community. Join one. If you can't find one then there are many fantastic place to find cheap trees or seeds online.
      Arborday.com is a cool place to check out.

    • 3 years ago
  • Lirybka
    • 0
      Lirybka  
    • ii386:

      How can you be sure that they will really use it for that purpose if donating something? I mean: nowadays you can never know where the money spent on any donation goes indeed.

    • 3 years ago
  • carmalite
    • 0
      carmalite  
    • ii386:

      The Conservation Reserve Program allows people who own large or small acerage to take it out of production or just use land they don't use and plant trees and get a 50 percent reimbursement of the cost plus a yearly subsidy that is probably equal to what one would have as a low rental from a farmer planing Mallo or something else.

    • 3 years ago
  • ii386
    • 0
      ii386  
    • ii386:

      I would not donate to have them plant the trees. Rather I would buy seeds or small trees and plant them myself. Much more fun and sentimental that way too.

    • 3 years ago
  • carmalite
  • Allorno1
  • Sam_the_Wizer
  • cantucwearebrothers
  • carmalite
  • SeaJade
    • 0
      SeaJade  
    • Continued: "The data for the research was gathered by several generations of scientists counting trees over more than 50 years. It included forests in Oregon, Washington, California, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and south-western British Columbia. All were older than 200 years, with many being established more than 500 years ago. Death rates in old forests tend to be more stable since they mostly contain very old trees.

      "With many of our long-lived trees that grow very large, each year as they become larger and older, the probability of living the next year increases," said Franklin. "You might imagine that, as a tree gets larger and older, the probability of death would increase but it does not - it decreases for many of our species."

      In most forests, it is the youngest trees that are most likely to die. "Often they are shaded by larger, taller trees and so they grow more slowly," said Nathan Stephenson of the USGS. "They are less resilient to changes in the environment and they also don't have as well-developed root systems so, if they run into a drought, they're more likely than a large tree to suffer."

      In the latest survey, the research team found that trees of all ages were dying more quickly.

      The team also ruled out factors such as overcrowding, forest fragmentation or air pollution. The main air pollutant that harms trees in the western US, for example, is ozone. "In California, where most of our forests are concentrated, ozone is fairly severe," said Stephenson. "Over the time period of the study, there was no trend in ozone and it might even have declined slightly."

    • 3 years ago
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