Community | May 09, 2010 | 31 comments

Elena Kagan is Obama's pick for the Supreme Court

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EthicalVegan
Reports: Obama picks Kagan for Supreme Court
Sunday, May 09, 2010


ABC News has confirmed that President Obama will announce his nominee for the Supreme Court vacancy Monday. (AP Photo)


ABCNews

WASHINGTON -- Multiple reports state that Solicitor General Elena Kagan is President Barack Obama's pick for the Supreme Court vacancy left by Justice John Paul Stevens. He is slated to make the announcement at 10 a.m. Monday in the East Room of the White House.

Obama has met personally with several of the top contenders. Additionally, Obama, also a lawyer, reviewed their legal writings, their speeches and their briefs, among any number of other considerations, as he and his top advisors weighed his decision.

There are at least 10 names that have been reported to be on the White House's short list, including current Solicitor General Elena Kagan, the former dean of Harvard Law School, Judge Merrick Garland, who sits on the U.S. Court of Appeals in the District of Columbia, and Judge Diane Wood of the 7th Circuit Court of Appeals.

The main things Obama said he was looking for are fidelity to the law and the Constitution, he told CNBC, adding that he is looking for "somebody who has the kind of life experience so they understand how their decisions are impacting ordinary people."


Obama cited "life experience" in 2009 as he weighed his options before nominating Judge Sonia Sotomayor for the Supreme Court.

But when Obama states that criteria this time, does he mean he might consider someone with experience outside the judiciary?

Right now, for the first time in history, every member of the Supreme Court is a former appellate judge, coming from what Judiciary Committee Chairman Sen. Pat Leahy, D-Vermont, calls the "judicial monastery."

The president and his team were said to be taking any number of factors into consideration and some commentators, including former President Bill Clinton, were pushing Obama to consider someone who is not a judge.

"Some of the best justices in the Supreme Court in history have been non-judges, people that, as Hugo Black once famously said, had been sheriffs and county judges, people that have seen how the lofty decisions of the Supreme Court affect the ordinary lives of Americans," Clinton said. "I hope he'll take a look at somebody who hasn't been a judge."

Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada, said after a meeting with President Obama last month at the White House that he supported his going in that direction.

"I hope that we would have someone who is not a circuit court judge," Reid said. "I personally feel it should be someone who is an academic, someone who has had a public office, someone who is an outstanding lawyer. And the president said that he will take that into consideration."

Former President Bill Clinton to Obama: See What Court Is Missing

Other considerations for Obama may include gender, race and religion -- all part of fashioning a court that looks like the rest of the country.

Former President Clinton seemed to suggest that the president should look at the Supreme Court like a puzzle and urged Obama to "first of all see what the court is missing."

When Justice Stevens retires at the end of this term, for instance, there will be no Protestants on the court. The United States is roughly 51 percent Protestant, according to a 2008 survey by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life.

The Supreme Court was entirely Protestant until 1836, when the first Catholic justice, Roger Taney, was appointed. In 1916, Louis Brandeis became the first Jewish justice on the Court.

"Does it matter if he puts a Catholic or a Jewish person, or someone of another faith on a court?" Clinton asked on ABC News' "This Week." last month. "There would be no Protestants on the Supreme Court. Does that matter?"

Though such questions are being raised, "In the end, I don't think that sort of thing is going to govern the choice," said National Journal's Stuart Taylor.

Another possible issue is that, with the eight remaining justices all alumni of Ivy League law schools, including seven from Harvard or Yale, some observers suggest the next nominee should come from somewhere else.

Taylor said there are more than enough Harvard and Yale alumni on the court "for sure," but perhaps a nominee's law school may not matter much.

"I'm not sure you add intellectual diversity if you take somebody from the University of Texas Law School, for example, like Judge [Diane] Wood," Stuart said. "How diverse is that after they've been out for 30 years or 20 years?"

Of the current short listers, only four are non-Ivy Leaguers -- Judge Wood, Judge Sidney Thomas, Judge Ann Claire Williams, and Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano. The others -- Elena Kagan, Merrick Garland, Jennifer Granholm, Justice Leah Ward Sears and Harvard Law School Dean Martha Minow -- all have Ivy League backgrounds.

But Obama has said he would apply no "litmus test" when it comes to whether a nominee supports abortion rights, but added that he would want a nominee who would interpret the Constitution as taking into account individual rights, including women's rights.

"The bottom line is that the president is going to want to look for somebody who has the ideology he likes ... who is confirmable as he wants them to be," Taylor said. "He doesn't want a big fight. And [he'll look at] who seems like he or she would be a very good justice."



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31 comments // Elena Kagan is Obama's pick for the Supreme Court

  • masterzip
  • Paratus
    • +1
      Paratus  
    • "fidelity to the law and the Constitution". Coming from Barry with the tax crooks he has working for him and his ignoring the Constitution with Hillarys Sec State job and, where was he born anyway, that is pretty funny.

    • 2 years ago
  • Dagum
  • afloyd60
  • Incredulous
    • +3
      Incredulous  
    • "somebody who has the kind of life experience so they understand how their decisions are impacting ordinary people."

      Somehow, this once again has the ring of Obama being able to tell us what we might want to hear, without ever actually delivering the goods. No offense to the lady, but what part of growing up in a Jewish household in the Upper West Side of Manhattan, and then going on to Princeton University and Harvard Law School is the kind of life experience that will help her to understand anything about ordinary people?

      The vast majority of ordinary Americans do not grow up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, and enter Ivy League institutions. The fact that only 2.2% of America is Jewish, whereas approximately 51% are Protestant, and her appointment would result in no Protestant judges on the court, is disturbing, particularly if you are trying to make the "ordinary people" argument relevant.

      Quite frankly, I can't blame the GOP if they do try to block this nomination, although I seriously doubt that their objections would be based upon her lack of "ordinary people" experience. We may not like the teabaggers, their position or approach to much, but they are pretty ordinary people, so I don't see how this nomination could possibly improve the lack of understanding the court has demonstrated for how their decisions impact the lives of ordinary people.

    • 2 years ago
  • FoosMaster
    • 0
      FoosMaster  
    • I wish Obama would pick someone he feels will make decisions based on what is "Right" instead of a narrow vision of what the wording of a law is and he should not be affraid of a "fight". I would prefer a staunch liberal, but that does not look likely because I feel he will try to appoint someone that will be "easy" to get nominated.

    • 2 years ago
  • afloyd60
  • Still_Falling
    • -3
      Still_Falling  
    • What is that rustling sound I hear?
      Republicans dusting off their old bag of tricks.

      Let see what they roll out first?
      I am betting on the, "Is she a lesbian" - followed closely by, " what are her views on abortion."

      I can see the Republicans now, feverishly masturbating with glee at another chance of blocking one more of Obama's appointees.
      While embracing the opportunity to rile up their base in anticipation of the November elections.

    • 2 years ago
  • mojojuju
  • Still_Falling
  • randallr01
  • lifestudentno83
  • Nephwrack
  • Omnomynous
    • -3
      Omnomynous  
    • Alright from the first affirmative action supreme court justice, to this big tub of what?

      Wow that Obama sure does know how to pick em...

      (side note; obese people shouldn't hold public office it's disgusting and demoralizing to the starving slaves, also a conflict of interest how can we have laws banning some substances while any fat ass can eat themselves to death, oh and be a supreme court justice?)

    • 2 years ago
  • Tyr
    • +2
      Tyr  
    • Omnomynous:

      please post a picture of yourself and let the rest of us decide if you meet the aesthetic requirements to be allowed to post on Current...for real now, let us judge you in the same manner that you have Judged her.

    • 2 years ago
  • EthicalVegan
    • 0
      EthicalVegan  
    • Image
    • PART ONE...

      http://edition.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/05/09/scotus.kagan/?hpt=T2

      http://img.slate.com/media/1/123125/123087/2208015/2208016/090108_Juris_KaganTN....

      Kagan to be Supreme Court nominee, source says
      May 10, 2010 -- Updated 0340 GMT (1140 HKT)

      Elena Kagan has never served as a judge, but as solicitor general has argued cases before the Supreme Court.

      Washington (CNN) -- President Obama has selected Solicitor General Elena Kagan as the Supreme Court nominee to replace the retiring John Paul Stevens, a legal source close to the process told CNN Sunday evening.

      The nomination is expected to be announced Monday at 11 a.m., another source familiar with the process said.

      Kagan, 50, a New York native, was widely reported to be the frontrunner for the nomination. She was a finalist for the high court vacancy last year when Justice Sonia Sotomayor was selected to replace the retiring David Souter.

      Kagan would be the third woman on the nine-justice bench if confirmed.

      Kagan received her law degree from Harvard University where she later served as dean of the law school. She previously served in the Clinton administration as associate White House counsel.

      In 2005, when she was dean of Harvard's prestigious law school, she light-heartedly greeted conservative legal minds who were meeting there with: "You are not my people."

      She warmly welcomed the thousand or so members of the right-leaning Federalist Society but let them know she shared few of their views on the law and society.
      Yet the conservative and libertarian faithful that night cheered Kagan's honesty and willingness to mix it up with her ideological opposites. It is that reputation as a consensus-builder that has earned the solicitor general positive reviews on the left and right.

      Those bipartisan skills, and her limited public comments on hot-button issues, have generally kept Republican criticism at bay and, even before the weekend, put the lawyer and policy-maker near the top of the contenders for the Supreme Court nomination.

      "Kagan has a lot of fans on the right as well as the left from her time as the dean of Harvard Law School," Thomas Goldstein, a noted Washington attorney and founder of scotusblog.com, said before her pending nomination was reported. "She's someone who is an intellectual, who has earned a lot of respect. She's relatively young, a woman and doesn't likely generate a significant political fight."

      But although she has never served as a judge, some on both the left and the right have found aspects of the New York native's record troubling, and she could expect tough questioning on such issues as homosexual rights and national security.

      President Obama did not have to look far when considering Kagan. As solicitor general, she is the administration's top lawyer before the Supreme Court and has argued several high-profile cases before the justices since taking the job in spring 2009.

      She was a finalist for the high court vacancy that year, when Justice Sonia Sotomayor was selected.

      "You have to admit, Elena Kagan is a brilliant woman," Sen. Orrin Hatch, a Republican on the Judiciary Committee, said during a radio interview a year ago when Kagan was being vetted for a high court seat. "She is a brilliant lawyer. If [Obama] picks her, it is a real dilemma for people," especially conservatives like himself. "And she will undoubtedly say that she will abide by the rule of law."

      Her confirmation hearings for the solicitor general job could offer a preview of what she can expect from both Democrats and Republicans. Many saw it as a dress rehearsal of sorts for a high court job.

      GOP Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina told Kagan she presented a "positive impression." Democrats were similarly enthused.

      With that endorsement, she won confirmation for her current job by a 61-31 vote.

      CONTINUED...

    • 2 years ago
  • EthicalVegan
    • 0
      EthicalVegan  
    • EthicalVegan:

      PART TWO...

      Kagan was born in April 1960 and grew up in a Jewish household in the Upper West Side of Manhattan. She went on to Princeton University and Harvard Law School. She served as a law clerk for well-known liberal federal judge Abner Mikva and then for liberal Thurgood Marshall on the high court.

      In her 1986 job application to Marshall, she rather matter-of-factly told the civil rights pioneer, "I would be honored to serve as your clerk." The nation's first African-American justice affectionately called the diminutive Kagan "Shorty."

      Kagan later went into teaching, starting at the University of Chicago, where one of the part-time faculty was Obama. Also teaching at the time was Diane Wood, who later became a federal judge and also is a finalist for the current high court vacancy. Kagan and Wood were among the few women on the full-time faculty at that time.

      President Clinton later named Kagan associate White House counsel and then appointed her to the influential Domestic Policy Council, where she earned a reputation for articulate and well-reasoned statements on tricky political issues. She was the administration's point person on passing anti-tobacco legislation, negotiating in 1998 with Republican Sen. John McCain to give the federal government the authority to control cigarettes, as it does pharmaceuticals and medical devices.

      The president picked her in 1999 for the powerful U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. But no Senate confirmation hearings were held, and the nomination lapsed. The seat was later filled by John Roberts, who quickly used the appointment as a springboard to chief justice.

      Named Harvard's dean in 2003, Kagan earned a reputation for soothing longstanding tensions over a perceived liberal tilt to the faculty and curriculum.

      She began pushing for the appointment of conservative professors, including Jack Goldsmith, a onetime lawyer in President George W. Bush's Justice Department. Goldsmith was noted for privately expressing concern over the so-called Bybee Memo, or torture memos, that offered executive branch endorsement for harsh interrogation techniques by the CIA against suspected high-level terror suspects.

      Such hires eased ideological unrest on the Harvard campus.

      "I have no doubt her heart beats on the left," said Charles Fried, a Harvard colleague of Kagan's who also was a solicitor general under President Reagan. But he said Kagan saw her role as dean to foster understanding, and "she would do it by recruiting excellent teachers from across the ideological spectrum."

      Fried, who himself was considered for the high court under several Republican presidents, has nothing but praise for Kagan's skill as a lawyer and administrator.
      But she has drawn criticism, too, from conservatives over her strong efforts to try to block military recruiters from Harvard because of the current "don't ask, don't tell" policy on removing openly homosexual service members. Kagan supported other schools challenging a federal law requiring that recruiters be given equal access or face the loss of federal funding. The Supreme Court unanimously upheld the law in 2006.

      CONTINUED...

    • 2 years ago
  • EthicalVegan
    • 0
      EthicalVegan  
    • EthicalVegan:

      PART THREE...

      Just four months after taking the job as dean, in October 2003, Kagan told students in a campuswide e-mail, "This action causes me deep distress. I abhor the military's discriminatory recruitment policy." She called it "a profound wrong -- a moral injustice of the first order."

      "I was at Harvard Law School when Elena Kagan became dean, and the liberals have no need to fear. She is one of them," said Carrie Severino, senior counsel at the Judicial Crisis Network, a conservative legal group.

      As the recruiting controversy showed, Severino said, "She is not a conservative."
      Nor is she really very liberal, say some progressive groups, and that worries many on the left.

      Her views on executive authority in particular have raised some eyebrows. As chief defender of the administration's anti-terrorism strategy, Kagan has articulated a more robust defense of the White House than many civil rights and human rights groups would like.

      "There's a real concern about Solicitor General Kagan with respect to national security issues," said Vincent Warren, executive director of the Center for Constitutional Rights, which has defended dozens of prisoners held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. "We do know from how she addressed the issue at her confirmation proceedings, and I certainly can't see anything that would lead me to believe that she would have a less expansive version of what executive power is than certainly the current form, and certainly with respect to how George W. Bush viewed it. So I think there's a real concern for human rights groups."

      Warren's group wonders whether as a justice, Kagan "might go with what the Obama administration and what the Bush administration had put in play rather than seriously challenging that."

      Her supporters counter with a 2001 law review article in which Kagan articulated, in a pre-September 11 environment, the consequences of the "unitary executive" theory that was promoted in the Clinton administration where she worked and later enthusiastically embraced by the Bush administration.

      Kagan concluded, "President Clinton's assertion of directive authority over administration, more than President Reagan's assertion of a general supervisory authority, raises serious constitutional questions."

      And many progressive groups say they have been quietly assured by the White House of its confidence that Kagan will be a "reliable" liberal voice on the divided Supreme Court, where conservatives hold a slim, shaky majority on a range of hot-button issues.
      Kagan would be a liberal replacing a liberal and unlikely to immediately move the court to the left. Nevertheless, many on the right worry what a Justice Kagan would bring to the court.

      "While she ... has at least acknowledged some role for executive power that a lot of liberals were trying to hide all together in this current administration, I think the conservatives should find that troubling," Severino said. "Because the president has been appointing 'czars' [to deal with the health care and financial bailouts] that have uncertain constitutional merit. I think that actually should raise concerns with conservatives."

      Going before the court
      Kagan had never argued a case in person before an appeals court before she took over as solicitor general. Now she has argued six cases herself before the justices, and supervised other cases where the federal government was a party. Despite her lack of experience, she appears to be pretty well accepted by the often skeptical court, displaying equal amounts mastery of often-dense legal language and a brisk, conversational style that reflects a confidence in her abilities to articulate the administration's positions.

      One member of the court has repeatedly questioned Kagan's reasoning. Chief Justice Roberts last month labeled as "absolutely startling" the solicitor general's argument that a when one federal prosecutor drops criminal charges, another prosecutor need not do the same.

      "The different U.S. attorneys all work for your boss, right?" Roberts asked. "They work for the attorney general," and his final decision holds.

      "The United States government is a complicated place," Kagan replied, not willing to back down, arguing that various individual offices should be allowed discretion to decide such matters as they fit.

      The first case she argued before the court was a blockbuster: whether to open federal campaign spending to corporations -- businesses, unions and advocacy groups -- seeking a greater voice in the crowded political debate, mainly through ads.

      Roberts seemed concerned that Kagan appeared to abandon at argument a key point made earlier by the administration: that current campaign spending limits are necessary to ensure that corporate speech does not overwhelm the voices of individual voters.

      "We do not rely at all on that," Kagan noted.

      Roberts pounced. "You are asking us to uphold [past precedent on spending limits] on the basis of two arguments, two principles, two compelling interests we have never accepted in the expenditure context."

      "Fair enough," Kagan brusquely acknowledged.

      The court ruled in favor of expanding spending power for corporations, and Roberts noted Kagan's mixed messages. "To the extent that the government's case for reaffirming [precedent] depends on radically reconceptionalizing its reasoning, that argument is at odds with itself."

      In a separate argument, Kagan tried to turn the tables, posing a question to Justice Antonin Scalia. "Well, I'm not making the argument," said the usually verbose justice.
      Roberts was more blunt. "Usually, we have the questions the other way," he said sternly.

      "I apologize," Kagan said.

      But her appearances have not always been tense. In January, Kagan stumbled when addressing Scalia. "Mr. Chief Justice -- excuse me, Justice Scalia -- I didn't mean to promote you so quickly," she said.

      Replied Scalia to Kagan, "I'm sure you didn't," bringing huge laughter in the courtroom.
      "Thanks for thinking it was a promotion," said Roberts, the real chief justice, this time smiling.

      CNN's Bill Mears, John King and Ed Henry contributed to this report.

    • 2 years ago
  • Omnomynous
    • 0
      Omnomynous  
    • EthicalVegan:

      And it's been a close one, all along I thought Rush Limbaugh was going to when the coveted title.....

      But NO it's Miss Kagen taking the crown of top Jabba the Hutt impersonator.....

      Somewhere along with me, Mr. George Lucas is shedding a tear....

    • 2 years ago
  • Ares
  • lifestudentno83
  • randallr01
  • EthicalVegan
  • Incredulous
  • Ares
    • -1
      Ares  
    • lifestudentno83:

      Aw you guys just love me don't you? What's it like to be so uptight all the time?

      randall: That's pretty aggressive, mate. You're wishing death upon someone over a joke? Grow up, son.

    • 2 years ago
  • randallr01
  • randallr01
  • EthicalVegan
    • +1
      EthicalVegan  
    • Image
    • PART ONE...

      The New York Times

      http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/10/us/politics/10court.html?hp

      May 9, 2010
      Obama Selects Kagan for Supreme Court
      By PETER BAKER

      WASHINGTON — President Obama will nominate Solicitor General Elena Kagan as the nation’s 112th justice, choosing his own chief advocate before the Supreme Court to join it in ruling on cases critical to his view of the country’s future, Democrats close to the White House said on Sunday.

      After a monthlong search, Mr. Obama informed Ms. Kagan and his advisers on Sunday of his choice to succeed the retiring Justice John Paul Stevens. He plans to announce the nomination at 10 a.m. Monday in the East Room of the White House with Ms. Kagan by his side, said the Democrats, who insisted on anonymity to discuss the decision before it was formally made public.

      In settling on Ms. Kagan, the president chose a well-regarded 50-year-old lawyer who served as a staff member in all three branches of government and was the first woman to be dean of Harvard Law School. If confirmed, she would be the youngest member and the third woman on the current court, as well as the first justice in nearly four decades without any prior judicial experience.

      That lack of time on the bench may both help and hurt her confirmation prospects, allowing critics to question whether she is truly qualified while denying them a lengthy judicial paper trail filled with ammunition for attacks. As solicitor general, Ms. Kagan has represented the government before the Supreme Court for the past year, but her own views are to a large extent a matter of supposition.

      Perhaps as a result, some on both sides of the ideological aisle are suspicious of her. Liberals dislike her support for strong executive power and her outreach to conservatives while running the law school. Activists on the right have attacked her for briefly barring military recruiters from a campus facility because the ban on openly gay men and lesbians serving in the military violated the school’s anti-discrimination policy.

      Replacing Justice Stevens with Ms. Kagan presumably would not alter the broad ideological balance on the court, but her relative youth means that she could have an influence on the court for decades to come, underscoring the stakes involved.

      In making his second nomination in as many years, Mr. Obama was not looking for a liberal firebrand as much as a persuasive leader who could attract the swing vote of Justice Anthony M. Kennedy and counter what the president sees as the rightward direction of the court under Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. Particularly since the Citizens United decision invalidating on free speech grounds the restrictions on corporate spending in elections, Mr. Obama has publicly criticized the court, even during his State of the Union address with justices in the audience.

      As he presses an ambitious agenda expanding the reach of government, Mr. Obama has come to worry that a conservative Supreme Court could become an obstacle down the road, aides said. It is conceivable that the Roberts court could eventually hear challenges to aspects of Mr. Obama’s health care program or to other policies like restrictions on carbon emissions and counterterrorism practices.

      CONTINUED...

    • 2 years ago
  • EthicalVegan
    • 0
      EthicalVegan  
    • EthicalVegan:

      PART TWO...

      The New York Times

      With all signs pointing to a Kagan nomination, critics have been pre-emptively attacking her in the days leading up to the president’s announcement. Paul Campos, a law professor at the University of Colorado, Boulder, writing on The Daily Beast, compared her to Harriet E. Miers, whose nomination by President George W. Bush collapsed amid an uprising among conservatives who considered her unqualified and not demonstrably committed to their judicial philosophy.

      M. Edward Whelan III, president of the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, wrote on National Review’s Web site that even Ms. Kagan’s nonjudicial experience was inadequate. “Kagan may well have less experience relevant to the work of being a justice than any entering justice in decades,” Mr. Whelan wrote.

      Ms. Kagan defended her experience during confirmation hearings as solicitor general last year. “I bring up a lifetime of learning and study of the law, and particularly of the constitutional and administrative law issues that form the core of the court’s docket,” she testified. “I think I bring up some of the communications skills that has made me — I’m just going to say it — a famously excellent teacher.”

      Ms. Kagan was one of Mr. Obama’s runners-up last year when he nominated Sonia Sotomayor to the court, and she was always considered the front-runner this year. The president also interviewed three other candidates, all federal appeals court judges: Merrick B. Garland of Washington, Diane P. Wood of Chicago and Sidney R. Thomas of Montana.

      Ms. Kagan had several advantages from the beginning that made her the most obvious choice. For one, she works for Mr. Obama, who has been impressed with her intelligence and legal capacity, aides said, and she worked for Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr. when he was a senator. For another, she is the youngest of the four finalists, meaning she would most likely have the longest tenure as a justice.

      Ms. Kagan was also confirmed by the Senate just last year, albeit with 31 no votes, making it harder for Republicans who voted for her in 2009 to vote against her in 2010.

      The president can also say he reached beyond the so-called “judicial monastery,” although picking a solicitor general and former Harvard law dean hardly reaches outside the Ivy League, East Coast legal elite. And her confirmation would allow Mr. Obama to build on his appointment of Justice Sotomayor by bringing the number of women on the court to its highest ever (three, with Justice Sotomayor and Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg).

      Moreover, in his selection of finalists, Mr. Obama effectively framed the choice so that he could seemingly take the middle road by picking Ms. Kagan, who correctly or not was viewed as ideologically between Judge Wood on the left and Judge Garland in the center.

      Judge Garland was widely seen as the most likely alternative to Ms. Kagan and the one most likely to win easy confirmation. Well respected on both sides of the aisle, he had a number of conservatives publicly calling him the best they could hope for from a Democratic president. Senator Orrin G. Hatch of Utah, a Republican member of the Judiciary Committee, privately made clear to the president that he considered Judge Garland a good choice, according to people briefed on their conversations.

      But Mr. Obama ultimately opted to save Judge Garland for when he faces a more hostile Senate and needs a nominee with more Republican support. Democrats expect to lose seats in this fall’s election, so if another Supreme Court seat comes open next year and Mr. Obama has a substantially thinner margin in the Senate than he has today, Judge Garland would be an obvious choice.

      As for Ms. Kagan, strategists on both sides anticipate a fight over her confirmation but not an all-out war. The White House hopes the Senate Judiciary Committee can hold hearings before July 4, but some Congressional aides were skeptical. Either way, Democrats want Ms. Kagan confirmed by the August recess so she can join the court for the start of its new term in October.

      A New Yorker who grew up in Manhattan, Ms. Kagan earned degrees from Princeton, Oxford and Harvard Law School, worked briefly in private practice, clerked for Justice Thurgood Marshall, served as a Senate staff member and worked as a White House lawyer and domestic policy aide under President Bill Clinton. She was nominated for an appeals court judgeship in 1999, but the Senate never voted on her nomination.

      She has been a trailblazer along the way, not only as the first woman to run Harvard Law School but also as the first woman to serve as solicitor general. Her inexperience as a judge makes her a rarity in modern times, but until the 1970s many Supreme Court justices came from outside the judiciary, including senators, governors, cabinet secretaries and even a former president.

      If the Senate confirms Ms. Kagan, who is Jewish, the Supreme Court for the first time will have no Protestant members. In that case, the court would be composed of six justices who are Catholic and three who are Jewish.

      Like her former boss, Justice Marshall, who was the last solicitor general to go directly to the Supreme Court, Ms. Kagan may be forced to recuse herself during her early time on the bench because of her participation in a number of cases coming before the justices. Tom Goldstein, publisher of ScotusBlog, a Web site that follows the court, estimated that she would have to sit out on 13 to 15 matters. Mr. Whelan argued that it would be significantly more than that.

    • 2 years ago
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