Community | August 31, 2011 | 23 comments

Drugs in Portugal: Did Decriminalization Work?

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Jennifer_Guinn
Pop quiz: Which European country has the most liberal drug laws? (Hint: It's not the Netherlands.)

Although its capital is notorious among stoners and college kids for marijuana haze–filled "coffee shops," Holland has never actually legalized cannabis — the Dutch simply don't enforce their laws against the shops. The correct answer is Portugal, which in 2001 became the first European country to officially abolish all criminal penalties for personal possession of drugs, including marijuana, cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine.

At the recommendation of a national commission charged with addressing Portugal's drug problem, jail time was replaced with the offer of therapy. The argument was that the fear of prison drives addicts underground and that incarceration is more expensive than treatment — so why not give drug addicts health services instead? Under Portugal's new regime, people found guilty of possessing small amounts of drugs are sent to a panel consisting of a psychologist, social worker and legal adviser for appropriate treatment (which may be refused without criminal punishment), instead of jail.
(See the world's most influential people in the 2009 TIME 100.)

The question is, does the new policy work? At the time, critics in the poor, socially conservative and largely Catholic nation said decriminalizing drug possession would open the country to "drug tourists" and exacerbate Portugal's drug problem; the country had some of the highest levels of hard-drug use in Europe. But the recently released results of a report commissioned by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank, suggest otherwise.

The paper, published by Cato in April, found that in the five years after personal possession was decriminalized, illegal drug use among teens in Portugal declined and rates of new HIV infections caused by sharing of dirty needles dropped, while the number of people seeking treatment for drug addiction more than doubled.

"Judging by every metric, decriminalization in Portugal has been a resounding success," says Glenn Greenwald, an attorney, author and fluent Portuguese speaker, who conducted the research. "It has enabled the Portuguese government to manage and control the drug problem far better than virtually every other Western country does."

Compared to the European Union and the U.S., Portugal's drug use numbers are impressive. Following decriminalization, Portugal had the lowest rate of lifetime marijuana use in people over 15 in the E.U.: 10%. The most comparable figure in America is in people over 12: 39.8%. Proportionally, more Americans have used cocaine than Portuguese have used marijuana.

The Cato paper reports that between 2001 and 2006 in Portugal, rates of lifetime use of any illegal drug among seventh through ninth graders fell from 14.1% to 10.6%; drug use in older teens also declined. Lifetime heroin use among 16-to-18-year-olds fell from 2.5% to 1.8% (although there was a slight increase in marijuana use in that age group). New HIV infections in drug users fell by 17% between 1999 and 2003, and deaths related to heroin and similar drugs were cut by more than half. In addition, the number of people on methadone and buprenorphine treatment for drug addiction rose to 14,877 from 6,040, after decriminalization, and money saved on enforcement allowed for increased funding of drug-free treatment as well.

Portugal's case study is of some interest to lawmakers in the U.S., confronted now with the violent overflow of escalating drug gang wars in Mexico. The U.S. has long championed a hard-line drug policy, supporting only international agreements that enforce drug prohibition and imposing on its citizens some of the world's harshest penalties for drug possession and sales. Yet America has the highest rates of cocaine and marijuana use in the world



Read more: http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1893946,00.html#ixzz1WcNUeNJU
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23 comments // Drugs in Portugal: Did Decriminalization Work?

  • Changes2Pac
    • +1
      Changes2Pac  
    • Legalize marijuana to begin with, every corner in California has a medical marijuana store. Legalize it and tax every 8th that is bought. This will bring in money that the government needs also you will get a much happier society. If we continue to think we are winning the war on drugs we are setting ourselves up for a rude awakening, think about the Mexican cartels, they have the resources to cause chaos in the united states. Continue to fight the drugs that are the real problems and we might have a chance of not seeing a 8yr popping opiates.

    • 9 months ago
  • aj727b
    • +1
      aj727b  
    • Some continue to support our failed policies for political gain. Others have financial interests in the growing private prison and prison services industries, or get major contributions from the prison industry lobby. Some support the drug war out of good intentions, and believe that we just need to keep doubling down with more jails. There are plain-old racist and/or fascist reasons for some to love this permanent war on ourselves... The only thing missing is one single solitary GOOD reason to keep supporting this policy that not only has made drug abuse more damaging in our society, but also has the collateral damage of mass-incarceration and black-market based violence and victimization.

    • 9 months ago
  • DanCastro
    • +1
      DanCastro  
    • How much money could we save if we didn't jail people who used/abused drugs, but instead put them in rehab? Who stands to profit if we don't? If there is more money to be made selling legal drugs, decrim will win. If more money can be made catching, trying and then long term jailing people, then which side will win ???

    • 9 months ago
  • noxidereus
    • +1
      noxidereus  
    • This is valuable information. One may assume that with such information available, as well as the nefarious history of how prohibition came to be in the first place, that if your favorite politician still favors prohibition, your favorite politician is probably not sincere.

      It is beyond disgusting that for political gain politicians propagate the lies and distortions that perpetuate drug prohibition and they don't care that people are rotting away in jail. Is your favorite politician one of them? If your favorite politician is against legalizing marijuana, then yes. Your favorite politician doesn't mind putting people in cages to further his or her own political career.

    • 9 months ago
  • hombre76
    • 0
      hombre76  
    • decriminalization across the bord is fine and worthwhile, however, sale of narcotics to anyone under the age 16 should carry a jail sentance for the seller of the narcotics. not for the kid just the person selling it. but realy this is a hastle so I see why they did it across the board regardless of age.

    • 9 months ago
  • KSirys
    • +1
      KSirys  
    • Great post Jenn!! but if this happens here and that's a big IF, the jail owners will find ways to get the addicts first, before anyone else.

    • 9 months ago
  • squarethecircle
    • +2
      squarethecircle  
    • WOW what a terrific approach. What would benefit the people? Isn't government supposed to say that every time they make a decision? Refreshing, thanks for the post.

    • 9 months ago
  • Avior
  • jubal
  • treewolf39
    • +1
      treewolf39  
    • Great post. This information has been reported before but for some odd reason the main stream won't even give it a good hit and run thus the majority of the American population has ZERO knowledge of the facts. This was only a five year study; the ten year study should produce even better results, that will be whispered to the world.

    • 9 months ago
  • aj727b
    • +1
      aj727b  
    • treewolf39:

      No, I think that they will have a big report on it... right after they give the public frank and factual information about the filthy nuclear and fossil fuel industries, and the clean technologies available today if we put our resources behind them. Then the next story will be all about the dangers of the media mergers and consolidations and the resulting paucity of unbiased reporting.... Then I will wake up and realize that it was all a dream.

    • 9 months ago
  • treewolf39
  • Anonmaly
  • nashkildare
  • remanns
  • remanns
  • Jennifer_Guinn
  • remanns
  • PressCore
    • +3
      PressCore  
    • The Netherlanders, of whom I'm directly descended on my dad's side
      of my family, have told the U.N. that MJ decrim is the benign way to go.
      They have had problems with the rowdiness of foreign tourists maring
      the quiet of Dutch neighborhoods in some cities, but it's SMOKING MJ
      that produces intoxication as a toxic reaction, for 90% of people it makes
      them sedated and sedentary rather than volatile and violent. The use of
      inhalers, or eating it doesn't have the same 90 second reaction because
      the delivery method is somewwhat slower with inhaling, and very slow
      with ingestion through the stomach & intestines. The cover story is that
      Prohibition is righteously motivated to punish users to prevent crime.
      But the reality is an extreme contradiction to that phony cover story.

      By criminalizing it, it arbitrarily makes everyone who uses it for
      medicinal/religious purposes a criminal. And it puts the trade in the
      hands of organized crime. They know that better than anyone else.
      By criminalizing something it makes the trade in it worth 100 times
      what it did when it was legal and no big thing. As a direct result of this
      hated, unjust policy, a $2.3 Trillion annual business has sprung up
      in the USA every year. We call this the Prison Industrial complex.
      Because the State and Federal prisons are so overcrowded as a
      result of incarcerating otherwise law abiding citizens, they have to
      contract with privateeers to house them in inhumane conditions
      where inmates get victimized by violent crime. Dick Cheney and
      Gonzales-Bush Jr's VP and 3rd A.G.were Indicted in one county
      in Texas by an honest prosecutor for crimes against Texas laws
      because they were the profiteers mismanaging a private prison.

      They knew fvrom the time the Vollstead Act was enacted in the
      1920s in the Prohibition of alchohol that it was a disaster. Every
      one was on the take from bootleggers from police chiefs to cops
      to local D.A.s, to Judges, to mayors to Congresspeople. There
      were shootouts in the streets that were worse than in the old West
      terroritories. Do you think that they ended one Prohibition only
      to begin another Prohibition a few years later because they were
      benign ? Horse hockey. Like the Romans of Jesus' time, they freed
      a criminal and anarchist then crucified a savior because they are
      what they are-unduely influenced by Organized Crime-benefiting
      monentarily from the arrangement. Money is their false God, and
      the idea of " promoting the domestic tranquility " is written on their
      toilet paper, not the Constitution. Many of the founding fathers
      all the way up to Abraham Lincoln were users, and thus criminals
      in the eyes of the totalitarians where the name t totaler was born.

    • 9 months ago
  • remanns
  • Anonmaly
  • PressCore
    • +1
      PressCore  
    • Anonmaly:

      You likley misunderstood what I meant from how I phrased my words. The
      THC molecule per se isn't toxic. Humans have evolved receptors in their
      brains over the past 60,000-100,000 years from smoking it. What I meant
      was,compared to eating it, or inhaling it unburned thru an inhaler, smoking
      it can temporarily produce an acute toxic reaction, what we call intoxication.
      But it passes. I realize it's confusing. Some cannabis is easy to consume
      and some is more difficult based on the combinations of cannabinoids in
      it, and the mind set of the person doing it. It's both physical & psychological
      in it's effects. Yet per se, it can't physicaly harm you unless you have a heart
      defect. The pulse rate will quicken after a person has smoked it...

    • 9 months ago
  • Jennifer_Guinn
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