Who was Karl Marx?
source: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/10/29/opinion/gabriel-karl-marx/
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- Vierotchka
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His stern face, framed by a mass of gray hair, symbolizes for many Americans the costly battles of the 20th century: battles against communism, socialism, and authoritarianism fought in defense of democracy and free-market capitalism. As successive generations of Americans waged those fights, the philosophical disputes at the core of the conflicts embedded themselves into the American soul. So much so that when the "evil empire," whose seeds sprouted from Marx's doctrine, died as a result of the revolutions of 1989, the ideological battle did not.
Though the Soviet Union is but a memory, and that other communist behemoth -- China -- has mutated into a capitalist autocracy, the specter of Marx himself remains as potent as ever in 21st century U.S. political discourse. Since 2008 especially, with the fall of financial markets and the rise of Barack Obama, the charge "Marxist" has been hurled like toxic sludge against politicians seen as ready to redistribute wealth (to the advantage of most Americans), expand social safety nets, or ensure that all children receive a good education. Critics say these steps are merely the first along a slippery slope that inevitably ends in outright state control. Amid these warnings, the communist horrors of the 20th century float like dark apparitions, reminding us of the bad old days.
But I wonder how many of those who invoke the name of Marx in order to stifle political debate actually believe their own propaganda. Or are they conjuring up a convenient bogeyman at a time of great uncertainty. Do they raise Marx's image in order to deflect attention from slightly warmer bodies (Marx has been dead for 128 years)in positions of political or economic power who are actually more pernicious? I also wonder whether those who use Marx's name, and those who tremble at the thought of him, actually know much about the man. Are they reacting to Karl Marx or those things done in his name? I believe it is the latter. I also believe it is time to understand Marx so that we are no longer made to fear him.
When I began working on a biography of Marx's family in 2003, I was well acquainted with his theories. I knew, as most do, the history of the governments formed to reflect the state he had supposedly envisioned. I knew of the atrocities committed by those said to be his followers. I had not, however, been properly introduced to the man himself. What I discovered was not what I expected.
Karl Marx was a middle-class philosopher, economist, and journalist (whose main employer was a New York newspaper). He was also flawed in the extreme. He drank excessively, behaved shamefully in his home life, and worked obsessionally, though he produced little that earned him money or recognition during his lifetime. These flaws, however, made him more interesting because, despite being in a state of near constant personal crisis, he was able to accomplish what he set out to do -- he changed the world.
Marx began his opposition activities as a youth in Prussia against an absolute monarch who could not see, or perhaps chose not to see, that society was changing. The industrial revolution was spreading eastward and Prussian businessmen were eager to expand with it. But the old system of government would not allow for such progress. The king would not allow the democratic reforms that were the handmaidens of the new industrial order.
This was Marx's first battle, to expose the contradictions between the centuries-old monarchical system and the world as it existed in the first half of the 19th century. According to Marx, it was only natural that as the means of production changed -- in this case a move from an agricultural base to an industrial one -- society would be altered. And if, as he believed, a government's sole function was to serve the people, then government must also change. Marx saw this social evolution as inevitable. It only became revolution when the kings and their minions refused to reform.
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- Vierotchka
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ThirdSection
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I find it interesting how, about a year ago, I saw a piece wherein Glenn Beck was debating a "Karl Marx" character (who talked like a spaced-out hippie) about the progressive income tax. Beck, of course, was against it while "Marx" was all for it.
In real life, Marx and Beck would have been in agreement on the PIT, albeit for different reasons. Marx felt that a system that taxed income progressively and provided social services would make the working class more complacent, less class conscious, and less revolutionary. It's right there in the Communist Manifesto.
Based on that reasoning, perhaps Glenn Beck and his paymasters should instead be in favor of the progressive income tax, hmmmm?
- 7 months ago
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ThirdSection
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Paratus
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ThirdSection:
Well we have a progressive income tax now and I see nothing among anyone to indicate that they are more complacent, less class conscious and less revolutionary. If anything, these things are more evident now than ever.
Communism, sometimes referred to as socialism in a hurry, does not work, has never worked and exists due to control. There is no true freedom. Beck would not be in favor of it especially since, per your statement , it is the opiate of the masses. - 7 months ago
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Paratus
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jubal
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Also Marx said that "capitalism was a necessary" on the way to socialism and communism. Eventually the whole economic system will implode and greed will be snuffed out once and for all when the proletariat rises up to seize control. We the people, the 99%, are waking up. And the retribution against the predatory capitalists will be awesome....when awesome really meant something kind of awesome. As in "shock and awe"....
- 7 months ago
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jubal
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jubal
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Marx is the convenient bogeyman so that fascists can further their own agenda.
- 7 months ago
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jubal
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AreOh
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Wether you love him or hate him, the man had ideas. His critiques of capitalism and all the inherent problems of it cannot be ignored. I think we are seeing how unsustainable who current systems are, and we need to entertain alternative paths. Marx is an excellent place to start that conversation.
- 7 months ago
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AreOh
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mybologna
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If you want to understand today's economic struggles, you only need to read a few "off the wall" economic thinkers such as Vleben(the consumer culture), Malthus(the exploitation of limited resources) and Marx(the inherent flaws of capitalism). We live in a unique era with advanced technology, overpopulation and diminishing resources. We are confronting unique challenges never faced before by humans. Only the willfully blind can ignore many of the predictions that have come true from such forward thinkers. We can decide what works for us and what doesn't. We cannot afford to demonize the works of these men just because they threaten the status quo. We need to study all solutions, consider all alternatives and keep an open mind. Only by honest an debate of ideas can we progress into a future advance civilization. The moment we limit ourselves to antiquated prejudices and fail to consider all alternatives, our civilization will meet its inevitable end.
- 7 months ago
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mybologna
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Dagum
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mybologna:
The others sure, but Malthus has been debunked time and time again. He wrote well before the industrial revolution and was mainly concerned with reproduction and food production. He believed that reproduction would outpace food production. Obviously Malthus was wrong.
Thanks to technological innovations food production has not only vastly outpaced population growth, it's actually allowed for the population to explode. You may say that many people still starve but that's a political one not a food production one. The U.S. alone produces enough food to feed the entire world population twice over.
Also be wary, Malthusian ideology was the foundation for the eugenics movement in the 20th century.
- 7 months ago
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Dagum
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mybologna
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Dagum:
The outpace of food production and the green revolution was brought to you courtesy of the wonders of fosil fuels, a finite product. Maybe he might have been wrong about the when but not the how. We are at a 7 billion in world population and running out of healthy soil, losing the pesticide battle while poisonig our food more and more, potable water is ever more scarce as we continue to polute it. How exactly was Malthus wrong? Did you know Malthus also inspired Darwin and his theories?
- 7 months ago
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mybologna
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artemis6
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He believed in public education and the right to bear arms . Hard to argue with that , if you are a T party member .... I am impressed that it took him so many years of study .... well done sir !
- 7 months ago
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artemis6
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Debra_
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One of the greatest prophets and visionaries of the 20th century. We have so much struggles and death because we are in a transitory phase as a global society. If we embrace Karl Marx's idea's the suffering and capitalist exploitation will be put to an end.
As Marx said: "The meaning of peace is the absence of opposition to socialism."
- 7 months ago
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Debra_
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ThirdSection
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Debra_:
"One of the greatest prophets and visionaries of the 20th century."
Karl Marx: born 5 May, 1818, died 14 March, 1883
- 7 months ago
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ThirdSection
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Kelly_Balthrop
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Marx saw the injustice the raw Capitalism can produce, and he tried to do something about it by documenting an alternative. Russia took his ideas and perverted them into Soviet Communism, which is what we all grew up hating.
The problem is that both Marxism and Capitalism represent opposite extremes on the scale. I think we need something in between that maintains Capitalism as the functional component of the economy, but fixes those areas that have a conflict of interest with the public good when run for profit; banking and health care should both be non-profit. I would nationalize the banks, then turn them over to the states to run.
I go into a lot more detail in my blog post here:
http://kellybalthrop.wordpress.com/2011/09/23/the-second-reformation-%E2%80%93-p...
- 7 months ago
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Kelly_Balthrop
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DanCastro
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Kelly_Balthrop:
I also hope we can consider the role of social media in events to date and how they could play a very effective role in "getting the word out" that there are alternative means of "dividing up the pie". Those in control of the media, control what is discussed. It was true then and it is still most evident on Faux Noise. We could approach direct democracy if we can fix our privacy/ID to bullet proof levels.
- 7 months ago
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DanCastro
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artemis6
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DanCastro:
Perhaps ALL media should be publicly owned . Any single or group owner would be to tempted , like what we have today ... on TV
- 7 months ago
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artemis6
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Kelly_Balthrop
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DanCastro:
Yep, that's true.
- 7 months ago
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Kelly_Balthrop
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thedirtman
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Marx invokes fear in me. Not because of his politics, but because he is the reason for getting a C in political philosophy. The translation of his Communist Manifesto was too difficult for me. The professor wrote on my paper that he could tell I did not read the material. I tried.
Today, my explanation of why Communism failed is that Marx and Engels were too difficult for the people to understand so that Lenin made up the rules as he went along.
- 7 months ago
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thedirtman
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DanCastro
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thedirtman:
Occam's Razor: "Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts, absolutely"!
- 7 months ago
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DanCastro
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hombre76
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I could care less who he was as a man I know what he did that mattered and that was expose a fundenetal truth about the evolutionary track of scociety and the reigns of power in that evolving scociety and the inevitability of the outcome, that the owners will one day shed their fear of want and realize their place of power as the true makers of all things.
- 7 months ago
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hombre76
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RaceBannon
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Marx was the game changer in economic and philosophical theory emerging from Hegel and Kant as the force for modern discourse. Of course Marx was flawed in his belief the world was ripe for revolution in his time, but in some clever ways his writings show his skepticism towards that by mentioning the threat of the petite bourgeoisie as a counter revolutionary force. It should be noted Marx never outlined a plan that enabled any of its bastard interpretations of communist dictatorships but rather offered a starting point to critique society.
However the Soviet Union was something horrible, it wasn't a proletarian dictatorship it was what it was, a bourgeoisie revolution wearing the masking of a working class revolution which provoked Guy Debord to refer to Soviet Russia as the "mortal enemy of the working class" or existed as a much more "banal" cousin of capitalism locked into an ideology which it had to pretend existed.
In my own assessment Soviet Russia emerged as the perfect enemy of capitalist society, in that it helped perpetuate the need for commodity which capitalist societies need in order to move around surplus production around (extra resources & labor to maintain the money cycle). In short capitalism needed the soviet union in order to justify its own methods and policies.
My departure from Marx led me to Bakunin
*yes to be honest its hard for me not throw up when the average American uses the word "Marxist" in context of equating them with any liberal leader in the last 100 years.
- 7 months ago
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RaceBannon
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tverdell
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RaceBannon:
Did you go to Bakunin out of idealism or out of intellectualism?
- 7 months ago
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tverdell
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RaceBannon
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tverdell:
ha, boy a tough one maybe a little bit of both. I prefer Bakunins fear of an authoritarian state arising from Marx's revolutionary phases but I'm the first to critique anarchist theory in the same way Debord claimed anarchy to be essentially obsessed with the "conclusion but still not a bad idea at purely idealistic level : /
I think most of us build on Hegel, then Marx, stumble onto bakunin and decide neither are absolute answers but clever assessments that compliment each other at times. Debord still gets my love for offering the most astute assessment of history, sparing no punches for revolutionary theory either in order to weed out the nonsense which leads to its many horrid applications. In the end I guess I can wear many hats.. anarcho-communist, marxist, but i tend to not mind situationist.
- 7 months ago
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RaceBannon
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tverdell
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RaceBannon:
Like yourself, I am very interested in Marx, Bolsheviks, Russian literature, etc.
Also like yourelf, I can wear many hats and see the the value in all of these ideas.As far a capitalism is concerned, I like Rand's anarcho-capitalism.
I know Rand is a dirty word and I do not support her idea of moral objectivism, but she nailed anarcho capitalism.
Lastly, I would like to add that any of these forms from anarchy to oligarchy can work in an evolved society with evolved people. So communism can work, capitalism can work. We are the ones not able to handle any of these structures. That's my 2 cents.
- 7 months ago
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tverdell
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Scott_Pert [removed]
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Scott_Pert [removed]
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Vierotchka
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Scott_Pert:
How could Karl Marx be Obama's biggest fan since he died in 1883?
- 7 months ago
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Vierotchka
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artemis6
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Vierotchka:
Hence the "nut job" moniker ....
- 7 months ago
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artemis6
