From the first complete Bible to the Reformation

338

Jewish calendar converted to solar calendar.

350

Codex Vaticanus, the first complete Bible, is written

351

The Jews revolt against the Roman emperor Gallus in a losing war.

353

Emporer Constantius orders the closing of all pagan temples.

359

Jewish calendar established in its present form by Rabbi Hillel

364

Council of Laodicea anathematizes Christians who keep the 7th day

367

Athanasius forms the first true canon of New Testament Scripture..

385

Pope Siricius forbids bishops, priests and deacons from having sex.

395

The Roman Empire divides into two portions, the Eastern being Byzantium. The Western, Roman.

397

Augustine's council decrees there are 27 books in the New Testament.

400

The Gamara (Babylonian Talmud) written... Statues are starting to appear in Catholic churches with regularity.

404

Jerome publishes the Vulgate, the latin translation of the Bible.

425

The Jewish Sanhedrin in Tiberius is abolished by the Romans.

438

Empress Eudocia allows Jews to live in Jersualem.

450

St. Patrick missionary journey - Ireland.

460

Pope Leo forbids priests to marry.

491

Armenian orthodox church declares independence from Rome.

500

The word pope, formerly applied to all Catholic church bishops, now is used solely by the Bishop of Rome.

529

Justinian abolishes the philosophical schools of Athens, wiping out the last vestiges of paganism in the Empire.

591

Pope Gregory forbids forced conversion of Jews to Catholicism

607

Pope Boniface III petitions Emperor Phocas to decree that "the See of Blessed Peter the Apostle should be the head of all the Churches" and that the title of "Universal Bishop" should be reserved exclusively for the bishop of Rome, in opposition to the bishop of Constantinople.

613

Jews refusing Christian baptism are ordered out of Spain.

628

Emperor Heraculis recaptures the city of Jerusalem

638

Six years after Mohammed's death, Caliph Omar captures Jerusalem; Jews return

640

The Moslems burn the famed Library of Alexandria .

688

The Dome of the Rock (Mosque of Omar) is built by Abd al-Malik on the Temple mount, where Mohammed supposedly ascended into Heaven. Al-Aqsa Mosque is completed by al-Walid al-Malik in 715

1054

The Eastern and Roman church separate with both popes excommunicating each other.

1095

The first of 7 crusades begins at the behest of Pope Urban II -. In.1099 Crusaders led by Godfrey de Bouillon, capture Jerusalem

1187

Kurdish general Saladin captures Jerusalem from Crusaders; permits Jews and Muslims to return and settle. In.1229 Treaty returns Jerusalem to the Crusaders.

1244

Mamluk Sultans defeat the Ayyubids.. - Jerusalem in Muslim hands

1260

Mamluks of Egypt rule Jerusalem from Cairo.

1265

Dante Alighieri is born. Later, he will write the Divine Comedy -- perhaps the greatest literary expression of the Middle Ages

1272

Marco Polo stops in Jerusalem on his way to China. The last crusade

1280

Eyeglasses are invented

1290

The Jews are expelled from England by Edward "Longshanks" (the evil king in Braveheart)

1300

Paper made across Europe.- Spinning wheel in Europe. Battle of Crecy between French and English, cannons used first in Europe..

1337

The French retaliate against the English and initiate the Hundred Years' War, a series of battles lasting until 1453

1348

Black Death Plague kills one-third of Western Europe.

1400

China closes the door to foreigners. - Vasco da Gama discovers the sea route from Europe to the East via the cape of Good Hope-In 1382 John Wycliff translates the 1st English Bible from the Vulgate. - .In 1453 Constantinopal falls to the Moslems. - Gutenburg Bible printed. in.1456

1431

Joan of Arc martryed

1478

Spanish Inquisition - America discovered in 1492

1517

Palestine and Jerusalem become part of the Ottoman Empire - Martin Luther nails his famous theses against the Church's sale of indulgences onto the church door at Wittenburg, Germany.