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http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/07/27/cameroon.breast.ironing/index.html?hp...


Breast ironing tradition targeted in Cameroon


From Nkepile Mabuse, CNN
July 27, 2011 8:53 p.m. EDT


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Activists fight breast ironing tradition

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(CNN) --

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Every morning before school, nine-year-old Terisia Techu would undergo a painful procedure. Her mother would take a burning hot pestle straight out of a fire and use it to press her breasts.

With tears in her eyes as she recalls what it was like, Terisia tells CNN that one day the pestle was so hot, it burned her, leaving a mark. Now 18, she is still traumatized.

Her mother, Grace, denies the incident. But she proudly demonstrates the method she used on her daughter for several weeks, saying the goal was to make her less desirable to boys -- and stave off pregnancy.

A study found that one in four girls in Cameroon have been affected by the practice.

The U.S. State Department, in its 2010 human rights report on Cameroon, cited news reports and said breast ironing "victimized numerous girls in the country" and in some cases "resulted in burns, deformities, and psychological problems."

There are more than 200 ethnic groups in Cameroon with different norms and customs. Breast ironing is practiced by all of them.

Some mothers use hot stones or coconut shells to flatten their daughters' breasts.

Doctors believe improved diets have resulted in young Cameroonian girls going through puberty early. Many of them are also becoming pregnant early.

Terisia became pregnant at 15. Her child died at birth.

She told CNN that breast ironing doesn't work. She hates the practice and wishes her mother had instead talked to her about sex and preventing pregnancy.

Grace Techu argues that if it weren't for the breast ironing, Terisia would have become pregnant at an even younger age.

Techu has four daughters, and she used the procedure on the first two. The third avoided it because her breasts are growing at an acceptable rate, Techu says, and the fourth girl is still too young.

Mothers who want their children to finish school before becoming parents have resorted to this drastic measure, and many see nothing wrong with it.

In 2006, a German nongovernmental organization exposed the practice, which at the time was done mainly in secret.

Now, charities have embarked on campaigns to educate mothers in Cameroon that sex education -- not breast ironing -- is the solution to ending teenage pregnancy.

Dr Sinou Tchana, a gynecologist in Cameroon, has seen breast glands that were destroyed. She also saw one case of cancer, though she says it couldn't be established whether the ironing caused or only exacerbated the cancer.

"One mother came with secondary burns because the stone she was using to do this breast ironing burned her," Tchana says.

One of Tchana's patients is a 23-year-old whose scars are still painful 14 years after her breasts were ironed. She has joined the effort to confront mothers about the effects of their actions.

The challenge for all those trying to stop the practice is reaching parents like Techu in villages before a ritual that they say is motivated by love shatters more lives.

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CNN's Josh Levs contributed to this report.
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65 comments // Breast Ironing Targeted in Cameroon

  • trut
    • -1
      trut  
    • Why don't these mothers from Cameroon just tell their daughters not to whore out? Make their boyfriends wear a condom or don't give them any.

    • 10 months ago
  • manfreddrake
  • manfreddrake
    • 0
      manfreddrake  
    • The effects of modified foods are evident even in these remote areas. We need a comprehensive review of what the heck gets into the food chain! What good is the USDA if this poisen is allowed?

    • 10 months ago
  • fernweher
    • +2
      fernweher  
    • It's nightmarish that women's bodies are so sexualized that mothers would mutilate their own daughters over fear of unwanted sex and pregnancy. Women are being forced to hate their own flesh as an object that attracts punishment and rape. This is so sick and a special kind of torture that is reserved for women, ugh ugh ugh.

    • 10 months ago
  • warman1138
  • Saladin
    • +1
      Saladin  
    • We should, in general, promote the idea that children are NOT the property of their parents, you CANNOT do whatever you want to them.

      This goes especially for any debilitating or mutilating procedure that serves no medical purpose, whatever incarnation and culture it arises itself in.

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
  • Warren_Merrill
    • -1
      Warren_Merrill  
    • Saladin:

      Children are not property. By birth, parents become legal guardians unless they otherwise turn over control to an agency or other third party. In the US we have laws protecting the rights of children.

      We don't have the right to judge other cultures regardless of what we feel is right. It's up to that culture to decide what is right and wrong. What a parent does in another country is that country's business. If they move to the US then they fall under American law.

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
    • +2
      EthicalVegan  
    • Warren_Merrill:

      But as a HUMAN BEING -- without damn borders -- I feel it IS my right, even responsibility, to care and think of this as my/our business. This has nothing to do with U.S. law -- it has everything to do with human rights.

    • 10 months ago
  • Buddha2112
    • 0
      Buddha2112  
    • EthicalVegan:

      What if I determined it was my right to care and think of you being a vegan as wrong... and what if i thought it was a travesty for you to prevent yourself from getting your 'necessary' nutrition... Could I then force you to use and eat animal products? For your safety, and well-being of course. It is after all, my responsibility as a HUMAN BEING, without damn borders... I feel it's my right to make sure you eat meat!

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
  • EthicalVegan
    • +1
      EthicalVegan  
    • EthicalVegan:

      And besides, I'm talking about ALL living beings, no matter the number of legs, or eyes, or wings, or scales, whatever. Mutilation (meaning harming another being without that being's consent) in any form is, for me, absolutely and unquestionably wrong, unless I were to choose to mutilate only myself. But that's ridiculous, really.

    • 10 months ago
  • Buddha2112
    • 0
      Buddha2112  
    • EthicalVegan:

      Actually, there are quite a number of ways, but that's not the point. You should not be CONTROLLED because someone else "Knows better". We do not have the time nor the resources to really care about some other culture that thinks differently as we do. We have our problems first, which is why i think it's asinine so many people are concerned over this. No one nominated us to police the world, yet for some reason our government and apparently a majority of the populace think it's ok because we 'know better'. Clearly we do not, as most of our 'peace' operations and interventions end in hundreds of thousands of deaths, the removal of civil liberties, and perpetual turmoil... Are any of us really in a position to keep doing these things? On any level? For any reason?

      I think not. You think so. I don't know where you derive the self-righteousness... It must stem from some religious thing or code... I never understood how it arrives to a human internally...

      Though I do agree this practice is harmful (I even think veganism is a bit harmful, it's simply not natural)... BUT The maximum intervention we can rightfully make is through information only... and that's ONLY if they choose to listen. Otherwise sure, you can make fun of them, yell at them, hoot and hollar, and be condescending but nothing physical... That just isn't our place.

    • 10 months ago
  • Saladin
    • 0
      Saladin  
    • Warren_Merrill:

      Arguments from cultural relativism never work, because cultures aren't even cohesive units.

      Morality is informed by, but ultimately separate from, culture.

      The dumbest thing about these kinds of arguments is that this practice is done by a *minority* of the population, so can the larger culture not judge the smaller one? Where does this argument actually end?

      We have to respect other cultures, yes, we don't have to respect their shitty behavior though. That goes for us too, I have zero problem with other people pointing our problems in our culture.

    • 10 months ago
  • Ichigoame
  • insaintity
  • EthicalVegan
    • +3
      EthicalVegan  
    • insaintity:

      As a "white person," sigh, I am offended by ANY form of mutilation to ANY living being, be that being a human, an animal, a bird, a fish. And there's plenty of mutilation going on amongst the white race, which is equally offensive. For me, this has absolutely NOTHING to do with the hue of a human being's skin.

    • 10 months ago
  • insaintity
    • +1
      insaintity  
    • EthicalVegan:

      I understand your point. I think that this practice is based in superstition, but the mother clearly wishes good things for her daughter.

      But, can you see how this story is being spun to elicit specific emotions from First World couch-activists?

      What is your definition of "mutilation?"

    • 10 months ago
  • maasanova
  • insaintity
    • 0
      insaintity  
    • One man's ceiling is another man's floor.

      In the U.S., people pierce their infants ears and circumcise newborns' penises. This is not really any different. It's just a different culture.

    • 10 months ago
  • Milieu
    • -2
      Milieu  
    • insaintity:

      1) It's a practice that makes for healthier genitalia
      2) if, Zeus Forbid, he get's Diabetes, an early complication for some males has been excessive swelling of the glans which can only be alleviated by circumcision. I know that the men I know who have had to have this done wished, with all their mind, body, and soul that their parents had had this simple procedure done FOR them when they were babies and it wouldn't have been so traumatic.

    • 10 months ago
  • Saladin
    • 0
      Saladin  
    • insaintity:

      All those practices are wrong, period.

      Circumcision is fucked up here and breast ironing is fucked up over there.

      Morality is not a matter of "cultural practice," it's merely informed by it. This same argument could be used for anything a culture currently does, it makes no god damn sense.

    • 10 months ago
  • Saladin
    • 0
      Saladin  
    • Milieu:

      No, circumcision is retarded and carries no medical purpose to it whatsoever.

      It was initiated in the United States to prevent masturbation and it continues only because people are so grossly misinformed about its purpose.

      Even the AMA recommends you don't do it.

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
  • insaintity
  • Warren_Merrill
  • Milieu
    • 0
      Milieu  
    • Saladin:

      No, it goes back to the Torah and the deal God made with the Israelites not to flood the Earth again.
      Probably before then, but that's the earliest we can prove in written records.

      "Circumcision is one of the earliest known forms of elective surgery. It is believed to have originated in Egypt approximately 15,000 years ago and to have spread to nearby regions through population migration.

      Circumcision has been a commandment in Jewish law for over 3000 years and is one of the rules of cleanliness in Islamic law. But circumcision has also been known in other cultures; for example, when Columbus landed in North America, he discovered that males were circumcised."

      http://www.healthcommunities.com/circumcision/children/circumcision-overview.sht...

    • 10 months ago
  • Milieu
    • 0
      Milieu  
    • Milieu:

      "Over the last two decades, opinions have changed regarding the necessity or benefits of infant circumcision. None of the major medical societies in the United States recommends infant circumcision as a routine procedure. However, none of these organizations advise against it, either. In all cases, parents are urged to seek information from their doctor and to weigh the benefits and risks.

      The American Association of Pediatricians (AAP) issued a statement in 1999 saying that the benefits of circumcision are not significant, that it is not medically necessary, and that the AAP no longer recommends it as a routine procedure.

      The American Academy of Family Physicians has described the medical literature on infant circumcision as "controversial and conflicting." It advises parents to discuss the procedure with their doctor before making a decision. The American Medical Association supports the findings of the AAP."

      http://www.healthcommunities.com/circumcision/children/circumcision-overview.sht...

    • 10 months ago
  • Milieu
    • -1
      Milieu  
    • Milieu:

      Circumcision reduces the risk of HIV infection in heterosexual populations that are at high risk.[12] Evidence among heterosexual men in sub-Saharan Africa shows a decreased risk of between 38 and 66% over 2 years[13] and in this population it appears cost effective.[14] Evidence of benefit for women is controversial[15][16] and evidence of benefit in developed countries and among men who have sex with men is yet to be determined.[17][18] The WHO currently recommends circumcision as part of a program for prevention of HIV transmission in areas with high endemic rates of HIV.[19] Ethical concerns remain regarding the implementation of campaigns to promote circumcision.[20]

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumcision

    • 10 months ago
  • Saladin
    • 0
      Saladin  
    • Warren_Merrill:

      I said initiated here, that implies nothing about its origins. I didn't say or imply that we were the first culture to ever start the practice here, simply the reason why *we* started doing it.

    • 10 months ago
  • Saladin
    • 0
      Saladin  
    • Milieu:

      Right, because those circumcisions really prevented the spread of AIDS everywhere else right?

      It's astounding to me how completely uncritical people are of this argument. Do you seriously think a slightly lowered contraction rate of HIV in circumcised males could possibly justify the practice?

      How about this, just get tested and don't have unprotected sex. Because being circumcised does NOT prevent you from getting HIV.

    • 10 months ago
  • hurleyburly
    • 0
      hurleyburly  
    • I still am not understanding the desired effect. Are you scarring them permanently? I would think short of burning them off...what are you going for?

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
  • of10rot10
    • +2
      of10rot10  
    • This is not only child abuse but abuse towards women. I don't care that it is being done by "mothers" it enforces the idea that sexual abuse is a woman fault, pregnancy is a woman fault and it is a woman that must be punished.

    • 10 months ago
  • aj727b
    • +1
      aj727b  
    • of10rot10:

      As I understand it, the idea is also to stunt the breast growth, not just punish the girl, but disrupt healthy growth (at best, since many are also afflicted with more serious and permanent effects as well.) This is not only abusive toward the young women and girls, blaming them for any and all early sexual activity, but it also reinforces the notion that men and boys have no responsibility for self-control and indeed no ability to exercise self control when faced with a healthy developing female. It is demeaning to both sexes, but as is often the case the woman bears the brunt of it.

    • 10 months ago
  • MixandCue
  • squarethecircle
  • EthicalVegan
  • noxidereus
    • +4
      noxidereus  
    • Let us not forget how many of us westerners mutilate our sons' genitalia through the medically unnecessary and torturous practice of circumcision. There is no hope for the human species. As a whole, we are slaves to whatever society in which we live and are unable to think independently.

      The article states that the ritual is motivated by love, yet it is not love, but ignorance that motivates these things.

    • 10 months ago
  • Milieu
    • -2
      Milieu  
    • noxidereus:

      "Let us not forget how many of us westerners mutilate our sons' genitalia through the medically unnecessary and torturous practice of circumcision."

      1) It's a practice that makes for healthier genitalia
      2) if, Zeus Forbid, he get's Diabetes, an early complication for some males has been excessive swelling of the glans which can only be alleviated by circumcision. I know that the men I know who have had to have this done wished, with all their mind, body, and soul that their parents had had this simple procedure done FOR them when they were babies and it wouldn't have been so traumatic.

    • 10 months ago
  • noxidereus
    • +1
      noxidereus  
    • Milieu:

      No professional medical association in the U.S. or anywhere else in the world recommends routine circumcision as medically necessary.

      There is NO link between circumcision and better health. In fact, cutting a baby boy's genitals creates immediate health risks. The foreskin is actually an important and functional body part, protecting the head of the penis from injury and providing moisture and lubrication. Circumcision also diminishes sexual pleasure later in life.

      Not remembering trauma does not equate to it actually being less traumatic. Surgical removal of the foreskin involves immobilizing the baby by strapping him face-up onto a molded plastic board. In one common method, the doctor then inserts a metal instrument under the foreskin to forcibly separate it from the glans, slits the foreskin, and inserts a circumcision device. The foreskin is crushed and then cut off.

      Fact is, circumcision stems from the primitive religious belief that masturbation is evil and that circumcising boys would discourage masturbation.

      I reiterate: It is ignorance that motivates these things.

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
  • EthicalVegan
    • +2
      EthicalVegan  
    • noxidereus:

      It IS ignorance. And there are many of us (myself included) who, at one time, took circumcision at face value -- trust "THE DOCTOR"... or trust "THE CUSTOM"...

      It is ignorance, pure and simple.

    • 10 months ago
  • noxidereus
    • +1
      noxidereus  
    • EthicalVegan:

      My eldest son was circumcised, but the other two were not. My eldest son is much older than the younger two and so I was much more informed by the time the younger two were born. I am circumcised, but I wish I was not. When my youngest son was born, the Dr asked if we were going to circumcise him and when we said no, the Dr actually said, "Good, it isn't necessary". That was good to hear because some of our family criticized us for our decision not to circumcise.

    • 10 months ago
  • Warren_Merrill
    • -1
      Warren_Merrill  
    • noxidereus:

      Many people would argue with your use of mutilate. Like the case in the story presented it's about the culture and not for others outside the culture to decide. There have been studies showing male circumcism reduces the chance of HIV.

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
    • 0
      EthicalVegan  
    • Warren_Merrill:

      Please share with us some of those studies, including the dates, if you don't mind.

      This is something near and dear to my heart because, when my son was born, I just "KNEW" that circumcision was the right thing to do. Now I live with that deserved guilt every day.

      My son began doing research on it by the time he was about 11 or 12, and we've had to have many talks about my mistake.

    • 10 months ago
  • Warren_Merrill
    • 0
      Warren_Merrill  
    • EthicalVegan:

      World Journal of Urology (2011 May 18). "Male circumcision and HIV infection risk".

      Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2009 Apr 15) "Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men".

    • 10 months ago
  • Christine_Parry
  • nanac
  • cherry5000
  • Buddha2112
  • EthicalVegan
  • Buddha2112
  • EthicalVegan
    • +1
      EthicalVegan  
    • Buddha2112:

      So you think that only the people who live in the United States are concerned about this atrocity (and others like it)? And if that is, in fact, what you're saying, how can you even use "Budda" as part of your i.d.?

      Then again, you're putting up borders where there should be none. You're assuming that ONLY people in the United States care, and that those who live in the United States should NOT care. That's very, very sad.

      So -- and assuming you're a citizen of the United States (and not the world) -- if it's not in your backyard, to HELL with them?

    • 10 months ago
  • Buddha2112
    • 0
      Buddha2112  
    • EthicalVegan:

      No, not to hell with them... but to each their own. The US did the study, and as a citizen, I really wish we'd stop messing in foreign affairs... especially when so many of our own practices could be seen in just such a horrid way...

      It's VERY hypocritical of us.

    • 10 months ago
  • EthicalVegan
    • +1
      EthicalVegan  
    • Buddha2112:

      No, I don't think that I'm in the least bit hypocritical. Then again, I don't think with an us-and-them mentality, much less an us-OR-them mentality, and I certainly don't put borderlines around countries. Humans are humans, wherever they may be.

      No one's saying there aren't atrocities going on in your country. These abuses happen everywhere in the world, and it's absolutely against my being to NOT give a damn.

      As am ethical human being, I cannot NOT care about the girls being subjected to this.

    • 10 months ago
  • Buddha2112
    • 0
      Buddha2112  
    • EthicalVegan:

      But what on earth are YOU going to do about it?

      Inform people... That's maybe the first step... Sure. But seriously, I don't think anyone is going to go there with a big stick and tell them NO.

    • 10 months ago
  • remanns
  • EthicalVegan
  • EthicalVegan
  • remanns
  • EthicalVegan
  • remanns
  • EthicalVegan
  • EthicalVegan
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