tagged w/ Drought
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REMOTE WEST TIMOR (CNN) -- Maria's labored breath echoes within the walls of her family's mud hut. Her tiny, bony hands open and close in slow claw-like motions.
She's 15 months old, but weighs just 10 pounds -- one of countless children under the age of 5 facing severe malnutrition in Indonesia's West Timor. A typical infant weighs about 24 pounds at 15 months.
"Maria sleeps most of the time. Sometimes she cries but not often," her 25-year-old mother Adolphina Fao says softly.V
Maria is fighting to live, wasting away in her remote village where aid officials say climate change has brought on a severe drought in recent years. It's nearly impossible for residents to live off the land like they have for generations.
"It's hard to feed her," her mother says. "Some are good days, some are bad. Sometimes she eats a whole plate, sometimes nothing."
As Fao speaks, she spoons glutinous rice into Maria's tiny mouth. The baby spits out most of it.
Aid officials say Maria is one example of a chronic crisis that has been worsening in West Timor, the Indonesian portion of the island of Timor that is home to about 1.5 million people.
According to a joint survey by aid groups Church World Service, Helen Keller International and CARE, more than 50 percent of children under 5 in West Timor are suffering from malnutrition. In some areas it's as high as 70 percent -- a higher percentage than areas of Africa.
Of those, nearly 1 in every 10 children suffer from acute malnutrition, meaning they are near death, according to organizers. The study also found that 61 percent of the children suffer from stunted growth.
"Stunting is the result of extended periods of inadequate food intake, poor dietary quality, increased morbidity or a combination of these factors," the study says. "This finding indicates that the diet has been very poor quality for a very long time."REMOTE WEST TIMOR (CNN) -- Maria's labored breath echoes within the walls of her... more
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Make no mistake as to why Bush refuses to boycott the Bejing olympics. OIL is the key factor in this decision as it is in every decision by these oil and blood soaked criminals. The genocide in Darfur began as an environmental disaster (that continues) that has now evolved into a fight for its oil. Just like in Iraq and other places around the world, Darfur will now be a central point in a power struggle for the oil that lies below Sudan and Chad, coincidentally (?) where the genocide has taken place. Lots of land were cleared off in the burning of the towns and everything was lost by the inhabitiants there to clear the land for Chinese oil companies to come in and drill. Women have been raped, villagers terrorized and murdered, children starving, all for the sake of Chinese and American oil speculation.
If there was ever a reason to have a global climate treaty that gets this world OFF OIL it is this. To think of the inhumanities spawned by the greed of these people and that Bush will now use these Bejing olympics to make business deals rather than stand up for the human rights of millions around the world who have suffered and are suffering atrocities due to the insatiable greed for oil is unconscienable.
I am BOYCOTTING the Bejing olympics. I will not watch it, and I will no longer purchase any products from any sponsors of it if I do now. The human species will drown itself in its greed for oil as our planet balances itself precariously on the climate edge. How any world leaders can sit in Bejing and smile knowing what has transpired by the government of China and their own even against their own people shows they are no better. I as an American who believes in Human Rights and freedom denounce the Bejing olympics for what it really is to those in the Chinese government: propaganda to cover the tracks of monsters. Make no mistake as to why Bush refuses to boycott the Bejing olympics. OIL is the key... more
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During the European heat wave of 2003 that killed tens of thousands, the temperature in parts of France hit 104 degrees. Nearly 15,000 people died in that country alone. During the Chicago heat wave of 1995, the mercury spiked at 106 and about 600 people died.
In a few decades, people will look back at those heat waves "and we will laugh," said Andreas Sterl, author of a new study. "We will find (those temperatures) lovely and cool."
Sterl's computer model shows that by the end of the century, high temperatures for once-in-a-generation heat waves will rise twice as fast as everyday average temperatures. Chicago, for example, would reach 115 degrees in such an event by 2100. Paris heat waves could near 109 with Lyon coming closer to 114.
Sterl, who is with the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, projects temperatures for rare heat waves around the world in a study soon to be published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
His numbers are blistering because of the drying-out effect of a warming world. Most global warming research focuses on average daily temperatures instead of these extremes, which cause greater damage.
His study projects a peak of 117 for Los Angeles and 110 for Atlanta by 2100; that's 5 degrees higher than the current records for those cities. Kansas City faces the prospect of a 116-degree heat wave, with its current all-time high at 109, according to the National Climactic Data Center.
During the European heat wave of 2003 that killed tens of thousands, the temperature... more
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NICOSIA (Reuters) - Cyprus's ancient Orthodox Church called on Monday for prayers to end a crippling drought threatening to sap reservoirs dry of water by the end of the year.
Cyprus, which is heavily reliant on rainfall for water supplies, is suffering one of the worst droughts of the past 100 years. The Mediterranean island's reservoirs are only 8.1 percent full, according to the most recent data.
Authorities say Cyprus's largest dam will run dry in the next 30 days, and they will soon start emergency drilling to tap underground water deposits.
Prayers for rain are rare, and the last occurred in 1998, when there was a comparably critical water shortage. NICOSIA (Reuters) - Cyprus's ancient Orthodox Church called on Monday for... more
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Purdey
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4 years ago
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The Beijing Olympics are putting a strain on already-tight water supplies, says a new report by Canadian based Probe International.
The city’s two main reservoirs are also holding less than 10 percent of their original capacity, it said.
Statistics show that the per capita fresh water resources in Beijing is only 300 cubic meters, or one-eighth of the national average and one-30th of the world's average.
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This is largely due to the fact that Beijing is putting up many artificial lakes and gardens for the Olympics. Riding by the Olympic forest park this past winter, there was so much dust everywhere, getting in your eyes. They had trucks driving around putting water on the road, to lessen the dust, especially in front of the "Bird's Nest" so that people driving by could see that is looked nice. They planted a large amount of trees for this forest park, and in the winter I said to myself "How are these trees gonna grow? The dirt/soil looks so dry." Riding by the park this past week, the grass seems quite green and the trees look healthy. It seems as if water must have been poured day after day to get this place looking like that. As the Bird's Nest is now complete, from the fourth ring road you can see pristine ponds formed in front of the stadium, with cute little rowboats (that look more American, than Chinese) buoyed. (Puke.)
If I ride the train south from Beijing, through Hebei province, I see a place that is feeling the effects from water loss. I see farmers hacking away at dirt with no clear sign of any water in sight, just sights of rivers that are all dried up, except for maybe a trickling stream.The Beijing Olympics are putting a strain on already-tight water supplies, says a new... more
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Georgia, and other states in the Southeast are learning a lesson that communities on the Hudson River in New York know well: burning coal the old fashioned way costs the river environment, not just the air.
By now, everyone's familiar with the list of pollutants that spew from coal-fired power plants, including the compounds that form ozone, smog and acid rain; those that make our fish contaminated with mercury; and those that fill the atmosphere with greenhouse gases, fueling global warming.
But coal-fired power plants -- along with nuclear and other fossil fuel plants -- also use a lot of water. Typically, this water is sucked in to a plant, used to cool condensers and then flushed back into the river or lake on whose banks the plant sits. In the process, millions of fish, fish eggs, fish larvae and other aquatic life can be killed, and heated water discharged can cause ecological problems downstream as well.
The Hudson River has been ground zero -- for 30 years -- in the fight environmentalists have waged to have old plants upgraded, and have new plants built to use minimal water. Most plants built today use a fraction of the water old plants use, but the Environmental Protection Agency has resisted ordering upgrades on older plants.
Upgrading plants is not cheap. Not by a long shot. But the drought highlights another facet of the issue: It isn't just about fish. It's about people. When drought makes water scarce, it helps if your drinking water needs don't have to compete with your electricity needs.
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With 45% of our country already in some stage of drought with urbanization, pollution, and substandard infrastructure causing waste, it is not feasible to continue pushing for new coal and nuclear power plants that will waste more water and endanger marinelife. That money could be better spent on altternate energy sources that conserve water and on upgrading old plants to use less water.
Georgia, and other states in the Southeast are learning a lesson that communities on... more
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Ray Colbert wanted out after five decades of growing apples, but his son didn't want the farm in northern Washington. No one else did either.
So, Colbert sold the last big piece of his operation, an 80-acre parcel, to a buyer far downstate who wanted what came with the land: water from the Okanogan River.
State regulators signed off on the buyer's request to transfer the rights to the water and let it flow hundreds of miles down river, figuring the deal was good for fish and wouldn't hurt anyone else's water supply.
Local officials, however, fear such deals will dry out their rural farming community.
"If this were to snowball and keep up, Okanogan County would literally dry up. It would dry up its economy, its agricultural production and everything else," said state Sen. Bob Morton, a Republican whose rural district sprawls across remote northern Washington.
Moving water around the West is nothing new — it's what enabled apples to sprout in this area in the first place. In Northern California, river water is diverted south to irrigate most of the country's winter vegetables and keep faucets flowing in the Los Angeles area.
Officials in northwest Montana are negotiating a water compact with the Blackfeet Indian Reservation that would allow the tribe to sell water from the headwaters of the Missouri River to any place in the vast swath of the state that lies in the river's basin.
"There's no constraint where they can market that water to — hundreds and hundreds of miles," said John Tubbs, administrator of the Montana Department of Natural Resources water resources division.
Such moves don't come without dispute. Ranchers and conservationists are fighting a plan to pump billions of gallons of water from rural Nevada and send it to Las Vegas.
More fights are likely as farmers find they get a bigger payoff from selling their water than by growing crops, since Western water law allows water rights to be separated from land.
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Does this law need to be repealed in the face of drought in this region? Do farmers have a legal right to own the water in the first place and make a profit from a resource that should be there for the common use of all?Ray Colbert wanted out after five decades of growing apples, but his son didn't... more
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Thousands of Somalis and Ethiopians risk their lives every year to cross the Gulf of Aden to escape from conflict and extreme poverty. The trip is fraught with danger, as people are exposed to violence from smugglers and receive little assistance upon their arrival in Yemen. A new report published by the international medical humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), titled “No Choice,” documents the conditions of the perilous journey and calls for increased assistance for the thousands of refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants fleeing their home countries to Yemen.
Due to the escalation of conflict in Somalia and the drought affecting the Horn of Africa, the numbers of new arrivals are increasing. In 2007, according to the United Nations, 30,000 people embarked on the dangerous trip; during the first five months of 2008 over 20,000 arrived in Yemen. Many of them never made it. In 2007 over 1,400 dead and missing people were reported; so far, in 2008, 400 people have not reached the shores of Yemen alive.
The report, released on the eve of World Refugee Day, is based on over 250 testimonies gathered by MSF teams in Yemen since September 2007. The refugees arrive exhausted, many of them sick and emotionally shattered. Boats of 8- to 10-meters, designed for 30 or 40 people at the most, are packed with over 100 passengers. People are forced to sit in the same position without moving during the two or three days of the journey and are, in most cases, deprived of water and food.
The smugglers are extremely brutal, beating anyone who dares to move. Conditions are even worse for people stuck in the holds of the boat -- tiny, windowless spaces meant for storage. Twenty people or more are crowded in these spaces, literally sitting on top of each other. Conditions are so harsh that deaths during the trip were reported from one third of the boats. The main causes were severe beatings, lack of food and water, and suffocation from being in the hold. Several of those interviewed also reported cases in which the smugglers threw passengers, including children, overboard.
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These are the types of stories we do not see in the MSM. This is absolutely horrific.To think people are going through this willing to risk their lives to escape their countries knowing that where they are going isn't much better only illustrates so starkly the conditions they are forced to live in that lead to these desperate moves. Thousands of Somalis and Ethiopians risk their lives every year to cross the Gulf of... more
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Photographs of Water First and Water Action bringing clean running water to a village in Southern Ethiopia for the first time. This is what we are on this Earth for.Photographs of Water First and Water Action bringing clean running water to a village... more
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Following his declaration last week of a drought in California, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger proclaimed on Thursday a state of emergency in nine counties in the state's farm-rich Central Valley.
"Just last week, I said we would announce regional emergencies wherever the state's drought situation warrants them, and in the Central Valley an emergency proclamation is necessary to protect our economy and way of life," the Republican governor said in a statement.
"Central Valley agriculture is a $20 billion a year industry. If we don't get them water immediately the results will be devastating," he added. "Food prices, which are already stretching many family budgets, will continue to climb and workers will lose their jobs -- everyone's livelihood will be impacted in some way."
His declaration covers Sacramento, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Merced, Madera, Fresno, Kings, Tulare and Kern counties and directs California's Department of Water Resources to work with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation to deliver more water through the State Water Project to where it is most needed.
The Department of Water Resources also is directed to transfer groundwater, tested for public safety, through the California Aqueduct to farmers and for the State Water Resources Control Board to review transfers as quickly as possible.
California has had two years of below-average rainfall and its water woes are being compounded by a federal court order to limit water pumping from the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta, the state's fresh-water hub, to protect a fish species.
State officials are aiming for reduced water use locally and regionally through this year in anticipation of lower water supplies next year.
Schwarzenegger, as he did last week, called for lawmakers to back a "comprehensive solution" to the state's water woes by expanding water infrastructure, specifically public works to capture excess water in wet years to store for dry years.
Following his declaration last week of a drought in California, Gov. Arnold... more
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Australia could be totally reliant on solar energy by 2030 if the current obstacles of technical inertia, lack of political will and entrenched interests can be overcome, a leading CSIRO scientist says. ''Australia should be building a solar backbone,'' atmospheric physicist Mike Raupach told a national climate change conference at the Australian National University yesterday.
Pursuing large-scale geosequestration projects to reduce Australia's rising greenhouse emissions was not the answer and ''is fighting against the way the Earth's systems want us to go'', he said.
Dr Raupach, a contributing author to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, said Australia's greenhouse emissions were growing faster than in any other developed nation in the world, driven by increasing per capita wealth and the ''aggressive consumption'' of the average urban lifestyle.
''We need a cap on total emissions at around 500 billion tonnes of carbon, which means an 80 per cent reduction in emissions for developed countries, and perhaps a 90 per cent reduction for Australia.''
The climate-change threat was ''somewhere between severe and extreme''. A gap was emerging between ''what the economists tells us is possible'' and what scientists insisted was necessary to tackle the problem, Dr Raupach said.
Significant reductions in Australia's greenhouse emissions were ''technically achievable and affordable'', with low-cost mitigation measures including improved refrigeration, lighting, heating and car fuel efficiencies, better building insulation and reduced travel, with carbon offsets invested in renewable energy rather than biosequestration or tree-planting projects, he said. The director of the University of Adelaide's climate research institute, Professor Barry Brook, told the conference that ''to have a reasonable chance'' of avoiding a future increase of 2 degrees of global warming, developed nations must achieve ''at least an 80 per cent reduction in emissions'' by 2050 and begin levelling off emissions ''by no later than 2015''.
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And if Australia can do it, so can the United States.
Australia could be totally reliant on solar energy by 2030 if the current obstacles of... more
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The dryness continued this past week for the entire Southwest and most of California. This was somewhat tempered by cooler-than-normal temperatures that occurred across the Great Basin, Arizona, and California as well. New Mexico saw an expansion of D2 to the west across the extreme southern counties of the state. Precipitation has been pretty dismal for most time frames out to the Water Year (October 1), with only 25-50% of normal being reported in that period.
In California, many locations recorded a record or near-record dry spring. In fact, on June 4, Governor Schwarzenegger declared a statewide drought. On the heels of last winter’s low totals, the water strain has been increased after a disappointing finish to this winter. Final snow water content levels statewide were only around 67% of average and thus streamflow runoff forecasts are only calling for a little more than 50% of normal. As a result of the past 90 days, D0 and D1 have pushed north up the valley and along the coast north of Santa Barbara up to Eureka.
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If you consolidate all of the areas that are colored on this map together, that constitutes approximately 45 to 50% of the land mass of this country being in some state of drought. For those who think this only happens in Africa or some place else on the other side of the world, it doesn't. Drought can strike anywhere water has been wasted, mismanaged, and where the effects of climate change and overpopulation are making themselves felt the worst.
According to the IPCC, the Southwest US is one of the areas predicted to be experiencing severe drought due to climate change. And yet, our Congress plays games regarding this crisis as if we have time to continue to squabble over whether it even exists. With water tables in rivers throughout America falling, including and predominantly The Great Lakes, The Colorado River, and Lake Mead which serves Nevada and this area in drought, people must wake up to what their wasteful practices are doing to the environment.
Population increases in this area without proper water management have also led to this stage. We either conserve now, or we will see just how much taking this resource for granted can do to change not only our way of life, but life as we know it.The dryness continued this past week for the entire Southwest and most of California.... more
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ACRAMENTO, Calif. — Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has declared a statewide drought after two years of below-average rainfall, low snowmelt runoff and a court-ordered restriction on water transfers.
Schwarzenegger warned that residents and water managers must immediately cut their water use or face the possibility of rationing next year if there is another dry winter.
"We must recognize the severity of the crisis that we face," the Republican governor said Wednesday at a news conference.
He signed an executive order directing the state's response to unusually dry conditions that are damaging crops, harming water quality and causing extreme fire danger across California. Many communities already require water conservation or rationing.
The statewide drought declaration is the first since 1991, when Gov. Pete Wilson acted in the fifth year of a drought that lasted into 1992.ACRAMENTO, Calif. — Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has declared a statewide drought... more
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Chique
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4 years ago
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One of the worst droughts in the past decade settled heavily over the Fertile Crescent region of Iraq and Syria in the winter of 2007-2008. Under normal conditions, winter rain and rivers flowing from the mountains of Turkey sustain the rich agricultural land that has fed humanity from the dawn of civilization. But little to no rain fell between October and December during the crucial planting period, and sparse rain fell in the months that followed, said the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS).
Crop analysts at the Foreign Agricultural Service use satellite imagery such as this vegetation image along with field reports to track crop conditions around the world. Made from data collected by France’s SPOT Vegetation satellite in April 2008, this image shows how plants were growing compared to a long-term average. The arc of deep brown that stretches over the Fertile Crescent region indicates that plants were more sparse or less healthy than average in April 2008. Irrigated farmland stands out as bright green spots surrounded by the brown or white that represents rain-fed vegetation. For a closer view of the contrast between irrigated and rain-fed crops, see the MODIS image of northern Syria and Iraq.
The regions most severely affected by the drought are eastern Syrian and northern Iraq, the major grain-growing regions of both countries. Seventy-five percent of Syria’s wheat crop comes from drought-affected regions in the northeast, and a significant portion of Iraq’s farmland suffered, said the FAS. In these regions, more than half of the crops rely on rain for water and so are deeply impacted by drought. Since the seeds require moist soil to germinate, dryness during the planting period caused crops to fail in many cases, and those that did survive will likely have a very low yield when harvested in June and July, said FAS. Many farmers did not plant at all.
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Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, South America, North America. Not one inhabited continent has currently escaped drought. How much more of a sign do we need?
One of the worst droughts in the past decade settled heavily over the Fertile Crescent... more
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no surprise, but it will suck if the situation doesn't improve and we have to start rationing...no surprise, but it will suck if the situation doesn't improve and we have to... more
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The forests of Papua New Guinea are being chopped down so quickly that more than half its trees could be lost by 2021, according to a new satellite study of the region.
The study, by the University of Papua New Guinea and the Australian National University, found that deforestation is much more widespread than was previously thought, even in so-called conservation areas. Papua New Guinea (PNG) has the world's third largest tropical forest, but it was being cleared or degraded at a rate of 362,000 hectares (895,000 acres) a year in 2001, the report said.
Phil Shearman, lead author of the study, said: "The unfortunate reality is that forests in Papua New Guinea are being logged repeatedly and wastefully with little regard for the environmental consequences and with at least the passive complicity of government authorities." The destruction will drive global warming, because tropical forests are an important store of carbon.
The researchers compared satellite images taken over three decades from the early 1970s. In 1972, the country had 38m hectares (94m acres), of rainforest covering 82% of the country. About 15% of that was cleared by 2002.
"For the first time, we have evidence of what's happening in the PNG forests," Shearman said. " The government could make a significant contribution to global efforts to combat climate change. It is in its own interest to do so, as this nation is particularly susceptible to negative effects due to loss of the forest cover."
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WE HAVE TO STOP. We also have to support any tree planting initiative and frankly, I think one should be part of any climate change bill passed in this country.The forests of Papua New Guinea are being chopped down so quickly that more than half... more
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Lush fields of lettuce and hothouses of tomatoes line the roads. Verdant new developments of plush pastel vacation homes beckon buyers from Britain and Germany. Golf courses - 54 of them, all built in the past decade and most in the past three years - give way to the beach. At last, this hardscrabble corner of southeast Spain is thriving.
There is only one problem with this picture of bounty: This province, Murcia, is running out of water. Spurred on by global warming and poorly planned development, swaths of southeast Spain are steadily turning into desert.
This year in Murcia farmers are fighting developers over water rights. They are fighting each other over who gets to water their crops. And in a sign of their mounting desperation, they are buying and selling water like gold on a burgeoning black market.
"Water will be the environmental issue this year," said Barbara Helferrich, spokeswoman for the European Union's Environment Directorate. "The problem is urgent and immediate."
"If you're already having water shortages in spring, you know it's going to be a really bad summer."
Southern Spain has long been plagued by cyclical drought, but the current crisis reflects a permanent climate change brought on by global warming and it is a harbinger of a new kind of conflict, climate scientists say.
The battles of yesterday were fought over land, they warn. Those of the present center on oil. But those of the future, a future made hotter and dryer by climate change in much of the world, will focus on a much more basic resource: water
Lush fields of lettuce and hothouses of tomatoes line the roads. Verdant new... more
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Iraq said on Tuesday it is opening talks with Turkey and Syria in a bid to increase the flow of Euphrates and Tigris rivers and end severe water shortages.
Water Resources Minister Latif Rashid is heading to Turkey and then to Syria with an appeal from Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki to increase the amount of water released into the two rivers, the government said in a statement.
Iraq is in the grip of a severe drought and needs more water for agriculture and drinking, it said, adding that Iraq also wants tripartite talks to implement water sharing agreements reached in January this year.
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Bechtel must be in it's glory.
http://www.citizen.org/documents/bechteliniraq.pdf
Edit:
Apparently, Bechtel hightailed it out of Iraq about two years ago after making enough cash and leaving a trail of malfeasance behind, including water projects completed that do not do any good since electricity runs it and that is still in shambles. Surprise, surprise.
http://www.alternet.org/waroniraq/44251/Iraq said on Tuesday it is opening talks with Turkey and Syria in a bid to increase... more
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For 2008, Tree Nation had to plan how many trees will go into their nursery in Niger. So they took the bet that their community will reach 30.000 trees to plant in August. The ultimate goal of Tree Nation is to plant 8 million trees in the shape of a heart in the heart of Niger to mitigate deforestation and poverty. A most worthy goal.
Planting trees is a simple yet effective way to offset the burning of fossil fuels that causes global warming/ climate change. Especially in Niger, where extreme drought and poverty have left many in famine and disease.
So if you are interested in helping this organization reach its goal, you can visit their site and get information on how to help them plant trees in Niger. I have so far contributed about 15 trees through my climate messenger petititon and hope to do more this year. There are ways we here can influence events around the world positively. This is one great way. Planting trees saves lives.For 2008, Tree Nation had to plan how many trees will go into their nursery in Niger.... more
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In the community of Kodaeta, located in the Eastern Tigray region of Ethiopia, your donations have helped villagers to build a better tomorrow for themselves and their children. The source of this better tomorrow: a safe, accessible water point.
The people in Kodaeta wanted a well more than anything, but they couldn't achieve it on their own. That's where your donations made all the difference. Once Kodaeta received the needed project funding and technical direction from WaterPartners and its partner organization, the Relief Society of Tigray, villagers quickly took the heavy lifting into their own hands. Everyone pitched in to help construct the desperately needed new water source - a hand-dug well.
"Life is difficult, and so is this construction," explained 56-year-old community member Gebre Abraha as he broke down white stone in the outer ring of the well with a hammer. "Sometimes during the building of the well, rocks have fallen on me. However, I am thankful and full of gratitude. I smile inside. This will change a hard life into a better one."
Before they built the well, the women and children of Kodaeta spent six hours each day collecting enough water for survival. To get it, they either had to hike across a mesa into a deep canyon, journey to a distant village, or take their chances at a far-away, intermittent stream. Often, the water they worked so hard to collect was contaminated, leading to disease and illness.
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There is hope for the people of Ethiopia and other countries plagued by polluted and scarce water supplies. We are that hope. If you would like more information about what Water Partners International does you can go to: http://www.water.org
In the community of Kodaeta, located in the Eastern Tigray region of Ethiopia, your... more
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