tagged w/ Energy Crisis
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Despite Europe's economic problems, members of the European Parliament have approved more public money for one of the most expensive scientific gambles of all time.
The International Thermo-nuclear Experimental Reactor, or ITER, is designed to prove that it's possible to produce environmentally-friendly energy through nuclear fusion.
Video report at the link (BBC News)
For more information on ITER check out the link below
http://www.dropyourenergybill.com/archives/1922Despite Europe's economic problems, members of the European Parliament have... more
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pdy
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1 month ago
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A star is born. And, less than a second later, it dies. On a drab science park just outside the Oxfordshire village of Culham, some of the world's leading physicists stare at a monitor to review a video of their wondrous, yet fleeting, creation.
"Not too bad. That was quite a clean one," observes starmaker-in-chief Professor Steve Cowley. Just a few metres away from his control room, a "mini star" not much larger than a family car has just burned, momentarily bright, at temperatures approaching 23 million degrees centigrade inside a 70-tonne steel vessel.
Cowley sips his coffee. "OK, when do we go again?"
Last year, when asked to name the most pressing scientific challenge facing humanity, Professors Stephen Hawking and Brian Cox both gave the same answer: producing electricity from fusion energy. The prize, they said, is enormous: a near-limitless, pollution-free, cheap source of energy that would power human development for many centuries to come. Cox is so passionate about the urgent need for fusion power that he stated that it should be scientists such as Cowley who are revered in our culture – not footballers or pop stars – because they are "literally going to save the world". It is a "moral duty" to commercialise this technology as fast as possible, he said. Without it, our species will be in "very deep trouble indeed" by the end of this century.
Read the full article at the linkA star is born. And, less than a second later, it dies. On a drab science park just... more
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pdy
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added this
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6 months ago
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A WAR TIME EFFORT, EQUALLING THE MANHATTAN PROJECT, AT LEAST, WOULD MAKE US ENERGY INDEPENDENT IN A COUPLE OF YEARS ONLY!
Energy in general, and the cost of oil/gasoline in particular, with their exhaustive drain on consumer purchasing power and adding prohibitively to the cost of most production, has been a NATIONAL CRISIS for some time now. Why then, is this most essential issue still being dallied with, and treated like something that we have to get around to, sometime, when it's "really" necessary.
While the "greatest" country in the world is dragging it's feet on the issue, Europe and China are racing ahead with plans to build enough high tech solar power collectors to power all of Europe: ( http://inhabitat.com/worlds-largest-solar-project-sahara-desert/ )
The priceofoil.org lays out how the subsidies which are given to the oil industry in exchange for large campaign contributions to legislators, are preventing the development of, and move towards clean sustainable energy. In other words, legislators are holding the entire nation, and our entire population, hostage to bankrupting oil dependency in exchange for campaign c ontributions. To make matters worse, they're giving Big Oil large sums of your money, and only getting back pennies on the dollar in campaign contributions. It's estimated that the various forms of subsidies given to oil this year tally in the range of 90 billion dollars! ( http://priceofoil.org/thepriceofoil/clean-energy/ ) ( http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/0309/Budget-hawks-Does-US-need-to-give-gas-and-oil-companies-41-billion-a-year )
One can only conclude from all of this information, that the absence of campaign finance reform and the end of corporate personhood, which permits and fosters legislative corruption and the legislative betrayal of this country, for forty pieces of silver in the form of campaign contributions, is what is preventing this country from solving it's energy crisis and holding us hostage to foreign oil! And if this isn't a breach of legislative fiduciary to the people of the United States, can anyone clarify what is?A WAR TIME EFFORT, EQUALLING THE MANHATTAN PROJECT, AT LEAST, WOULD MAKE US ENERGY... more
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Hobbs conference focuses on nuclear energy issues
N.M. Tech News Service
HOBBS – Nuclear energy, small-scale reactors and safety in the industry will take center stage next month at the 2011 national energy conference in Hobbs.
The Uranium Fuel Cycle Conference on Wednesday and Thursday, April 27 and 28, will focus on potential developments and implementation of small-scale reactors.
The conference features top leaders in nuclear technology, including Babcock & Wilcox, New Mexico Tech, URENCO USA, Washington TRU Solutions, Uranium Resources Inc., Energy Solutions and the U.S. Department of Energy.
The "uranium fuel cycle" begins with mining, continues with enrichment, followed by use in a reactor, and ends with processing and storage. Hobbs is in the center of the developing Eastern New Mexico Energy Corridor, which is involved in all aspects of the nuclear energy fuel cycle.
"Almost the entire cycle is contained in New Mexico, from mining to waste storage. This conference is an important step in bringing together key players in the area and continuing a dialogue about energy and our national policies," said Van Romero, Ph.D. and vice president of research at New Mexico Tech.
A new enrichment facility is now operational near Eunice, N.M. A deconversion plant is in the licensing stage in Lea County. Also located in the region are Waste Control Specialist LLC and the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, near Carlsbad, which is a long-term storage facility funded by the Department of Energy. While not currently being mined, vast deposits of raw uranium ore exist in west-central New Mexico.
What's missing? The small-scale nuclear power plants.
"Communities in southeast New Mexico have expressed an interest in nuclear power," Romero said.
One area the conference will focus on is the commercial deployment of small nuclear reactors in eastern New Mexico. Representatives of Babcock & Wilcox will present their strategy to how to deploy a light-water reactor system to provide energy to communities in New Mexico.
Babcock & Wilcox is the leading international company in development and deployment of small-scale nuclear reactors. The company unveiled the B&W mPower reactor in 2009. The mPower reactor, with its scalable, modular design, has the capacity to provide 125 megawatts to 750 megawatts of electricity for a five-year operating cycle without refueling. The reactor is designed to produce clean, near-zero emission operations, according to the company website.
Following the Babcock & Wilcox presentation, Romero will lead a discussion on "Small Reactor Research and Readiness." Then, a representative from the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Nuclear Energy will talk on the status and outlook for nuclear energy development.
The two-day conference is hosted by the New Mexico Center for Energy Policy, a division of New Mexico Tech, the Economic Development Corp. of Lea County and New Mexico Junior College.
Online registration is under way at www.energyplexnm.com or by calling 575-397-2039.
Read more: ABQJOURNAL BIZ: Hobbs conference focuses on nuclear energy issues http://www.abqjournal.com/biz/212143529029biz03-21-11.htm#ixzz1Jmt91Adv
Subscribe Now Albuquerque JournalHobbs conference focuses on nuclear energy issues
N.M. Tech News Service... more
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And thirty-six years ago Capitol Hill was just a little bit different - okay, maybe a lot different. Well . . .you get to hear how different by hitting the "play" button when you get to the site.And thirty-six years ago Capitol Hill was just a little bit different - okay, maybe a... more
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"It hardly made an impression on a US public preoccupied with comings and goings of Charlie Sheen. President Obama wants to pretend that American life-on-wheels will just keep rolling along. He hasn't so much as hinted to the US public that the time approaches when gasoline will have to be rationed either by high prices or odd-and-even licenses plates or some other method. Charming fellow that he is, his fecklessness in the face of disintegrating oil markets will go down in history as something like Nero's musical solo while Rome burned down."
Mr. Kunstler certainly has a way with words. Read the full article here:
http://kunstler.com/blog/2011/02/wake-me-shake-me.html"It hardly made an impression on a US public preoccupied with comings and goings... more
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John Pemberton of Southern Company thinks the oil spill disaster in the Gulf may muddy the waters of Congress's environmental debate. Tell us what you think in the comments section below.John Pemberton of Southern Company thinks the oil spill disaster in the Gulf may muddy... more
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The term “microgrid” may conjure up images of self-sufficient military bases and remote outposts, generating and consuming power without any connections to the larger electricity grid. After all, backup generators that support multiple buildings — the bare-bones definition of a microgrid — are already a mainstay of hospitals, refineries, data centers, semiconductor plants and other institutions that can’t afford to let the power go down, even for a second. Such stand-alone microgrids now add up to about 450 megawatts of commercial and industrial capacity, and another 322 megawatts in the campus and institutional sector, in the U.S., according to Pike Research.
But utilities, as well as their customers and partners, are increasingly looking past microgrids’ ability to “island” themselves to protect from broader power outages, and are seeking out ways they can use their on-site distributed power generation, and demand reduction and management systems to help the grid at large. Theoretically, these types of microgrids could help the outside grid keep its own power quality stable, helping entire neighborhoods ride through disruptions. And at the end of the road, microgrids could sell their generation and demand reduction back to the utilities they usually buy power from, giving would-be microgrid operators a whole new set of financial incentives to help bolster their business cases.
Legos of the Smart Grid
In fact, these bite-sized smart grid systems could be an inevitable part of the build out of the “super grid” envisioned by such smart grid champions as Al Gore. That’s because microgrids could help ease the “smart at the edges, dumb in the middle” problem recently described by Ray Gogel, president and COO of Current Group. Gogel told Forbes in February that all the smart meters, rooftop solar panels and other “nodes” on the edges of the grid will require much more robust communications and controls along the “middle mile” of distribution substations and feeder lines to operate effectively. Properly designed and integrated microgrids could aggregate many of these edge nodes into a single point of interconnection and interface, making the job of coordinating them in the middle that much easier.
Dave Pacyna, senior vice president of Siemens Energy’s North American transmission and distribution division, sees microgrids as a natural part of the evolution of the smart grid. Pacyna said in a January interview:
http://earth2tech.com/2010/02/17/microgrids-building-blocks-of-the-smart-grid/The term “microgrid” may conjure up images of self-sufficient military... more
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Each year there are more inventions that are created to eventually eliminate the world’s need for nonrenewable resources. One of the latest concepts is the Turbine Light concept. The Turbine Light is an idea to light up the highways by using wind-generated energy instead of electricity.
The Turbine Lights work by using the air from the cars as they pass the light poles on the highway. Of course, the concept would work much easier if the lights were in a position where wind gusts are normally and naturally high.
Although the concept is smart and innovative, there are some minor considerations. One question is whether or not a passing car would be able to generate enough wind to produce the energy the lights need.
Recently the concept was entered into a Greener gadgets competition that was searching for new ways to save the planet. If this concept were to work it could greatly change the infrastructure and possibly lead to more innovative ideas about transportation. There is a growing demand for alternative energy uses and the two most promising energy forces are the sun and the wind. With the Turbine Lights, the wind is used.
Via Ubergizmo
Tags: Concepts, Design, Technology News
http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/turbine-light-concept-to-light-up-highways-08-02-2010/?utm_source=feedburnerEach year there are more inventions that are created to eventually eliminate the... more
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At times it’s seemed like geothermal power is the Rodney Dangerfield of clean energy – it’s gotten little respect compared with glitzier cousins like solar and wind. But that image is changing as more investment flows into the industry and new technologies make tapping the heat below the earth’s surface cheaper and more accessible. According to the Geothermal Energy Association there are 144 new U.S. geothermal plants under development, which could add seven gigawatts of new baseload power, and enhanced geothermal systems, a field of promising new technologies, could increase the U.S. geothermal generation capacity 40 fold, according to the Department of Energy.
We sat down with Robert Warburton, acting chief executive officer of Vulcan Power Company, to get his outlook for the industry. The Bend, Or.-based geothermal project developer, which announced earlier this week that it raised $108 million in private equity investment, has some 170,000 acres of geothermal properties in four Western states including California and Nevada. Vulcan is currently developing geothermal plants totaling 300 MW of power, and it has signed 180 MW of long-term power purchase agreements with utilities, with another 120 MW currently under negotiation.
http://earth2tech.com/2010/02/05/qa-vulcan-powers-ceo-on-the-potential-of-geothermal/At times it’s seemed like geothermal power is the Rodney Dangerfield of clean... more
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CARACAS, Venezuela (AP) -- President Hugo Chavez has turned to his friends in Cuba for help in tackling Venezuela's energy crisis, drawing criticism for seeking advice from the communist-led island that has struggled with its own electricity woes.
Chavez gave few details on Wednesday about what is expected of Cuba, but insisted that ''it's valuable experience that's serving us well.'' He said that he spoke for hours Tuesday with Cuban Vice President Ramiro Valdes after his arrival in Venezuela to lead the consulting team.
The decision to seek help from Cuba bewildered Venezuelans coping with the nation's power shortage. ''It's laughable that he's looking for help from Cuba,'' said Aixa Lopez, director of the Committee for People Affected by Power Outages, which monitors the extent of current energy shortages and rationing in Venezuela.
Chavez blames a drought for bringing the country's hydroelectric reservoirs to their lowest levels in decades, prompting a wave of planned and unplanned blackouts across the country. Critics acknowledge the lack of rainfall, but blame Chavez's government for failing to upgrade power generation capacity even as the oil-rich country's consumption has soared.
Cuba itself has suffered a series of electricity crises since the collapse of the Soviet Union removed a major source of oil and financing. It now gets much of its imported oil from Venezuela. The island's communist government has had some success against once-routine blackouts by upgrading generating capacity and imposing sometimes draconian energy-saving measures.
Even so, Cuban officials last summer were forced to idle some state factories while turning off the lights and air conditioners in many government office buildings, banks, retail stores and other businesses. Officials have hinted at even more strict conservation methods will be imposed throughout 2010.
Chavez has experimented with similar measures, ordering some public institutions to close at 1 p.m. and partially shutting down state-run steel and aluminum plants. Officials also are installing tens of thousands of energy-saving light bulbs imported from Cuba.
Cuba is already aiding Venezuela in a cloud-seeding effort the government hopes will ease the drought.
Valdes, who fought alongside Fidel and Raul Castro to topple dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959, is a former interior minister and current minister of communications. For more than a decade, he ran Cuba's Electronic Group, overseeing technology projects and skirting the U.S. trade embargo by importing tons of equipment into Cuba through third-party nations.
Lopez said the electricity crisis should be resolved by Venezuelans and not Cuba's vice president. ''I don't think that Mr. Valdez is the most suitable for the job because of what's he's done in Cuba is impose rationing,'' he said ''He's not en expert in investment, maintenance and production.''
Chavez downplayed the criticism as something he expects from his opponents, saying: ''Whenever Cubans come here, the counter-revolutionary fury immediately explodes.''CARACAS, Venezuela (AP) -- President Hugo Chavez has turned to his friends in Cuba for... more
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There are many projects across Japan, U.S and Europe that are trying to perfection the manipulation of plasma and thereby accelerate its energy output. The solution is believed to be in the six-dollar reactor known constructed in the “ITER” project. However, ITER project is still very much in a state of work-in-progress, and commercialization of the technology is not expected within a decade.
Sight of Plasma
Jerome Pamela, project manager of a fusion machine called the Joint European Torus, or JET, at Britain’s Culham Science Center is certain that they will be able to ignite the plasma. The constraint that remains problematic is to convey the transition of plasma into usable energy. A possible solution is to use a particular magnetic field to control plasma once it is heated up to around 10 million degrees Celsius. It is a temperature sufficient to produce plasma but not to initiate a fusion.
An experiment to see the plasma can last for 0.25 seconds. It is quite disappointing to see it live. It is like a ghost in a library but with an enormous amount of energy. It has energy similar to solar, biomass, fission and wind.
http://www.renewablepowernews.com/archives/927There are many projects across Japan, U.S and Europe that are trying to perfection the... more
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China becomes the largest energy consumer in the world
China's development as an industrialised country means that this soaring energy demand will continue for some time to come.* Its economic growth has led to a massive increase in the production of cars, trucks and other vehicles, not to mention buildings and infrastructure (which includes almost one new power plant every week).
The 21st century began with the United States as the sole superpower in the absence of the Soviet Union, with China becoming a potential superpower.
A new set of crises would emerge in the 2020s. As oil demand began to exceed supply, full-scale conflict erupted in the Middle East.
http://www.futuretimeline.net/21stcentury/2010-2019.htm#somaliaChina becomes the largest energy consumer in the world
China's development as... more
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As reported by China View, China is also in the race, and plans to put a man Moon by 2017. One of the goals of the mission will be to measure the thickness of the lunar soil and the amount of helium-3 on the Moon. There have also been reports that India, Japan and Germany are taking an interest in lunar exploration linked to helium-3 as a potential future nuclear fuel.
http://www.explainingthefuture.com/helium3.htmlAs reported by China View, China is also in the race, and plans to put a man Moon by... more
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Helium-3 is a very rare gas with the potential to fuel clean nuclear fusion power plants. However, one of the problems is that the nearest supply of helium-3 is on the Moon.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94rEqHP9dOQ&feature=channelHelium-3 is a very rare gas with the potential to fuel clean nuclear fusion power... more
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The Chinese, too, apparently believe that helium-3 from the moon can enable fusion plants on Earth. This fall, the People's Republic expects to orbit a satellite around the moon and then land an unmanned vehicle there in 2011.
http://www.technologyreview.com/Energy/19296/?a=f&FB=TThe Chinese, too, apparently believe that helium-3 from the moon can enable fusion... more
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Space Solar Power System Closer to Reality
Japan's space agency, USEF, is in the news again with their plans to build a space solar power station, equivalent to a medium sized nuclear plant, by 2030. Inspired by hope that such a sci-fi vision becomes reality, we have some advice for the Japanese space agency, some wisdom learned in the trenches of the fight against global warming. The nugget of knowledge that could make the difference between success and failure for the ambitious space-based solar station is this:
Nix on talk about laser or microwave beams from space to earth.
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2009/11/japan-space-solar-plan-laser-beam-solar-stream.phpSpace Solar Power System Closer to Reality
Japan's space agency, USEF, is in the... more
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id the economic crisis stabilize oil prices? What is the future of energy security? Has China bypassed the United States in the green energy revolution? How will the global community approach the “fourth corridor” pipeline in relation to Iranian power and Russian resurgence?
Dr. Daniel Fine, research associate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Mining and Minerals Resources Institute, addressed a diverse set of energy-related questions at The Fletcher School on September 15. The presentation was part of the International Security Studies Program Global Speaker Series.
Dr. Fine indicated that Saudi Arabia views the current price of oil, roughly $70-75 per barrel, as reflecting a price that is both fair and natural. The 2007-2008 price spike, which increased the per barrel price 220% over its 2005 level, was accompanied by a mere 2.5% increase in consumption. According to Dr. Fine, this undermines the oft-cited argument that consumption spikes drive price increases.
The real story of runaway oil prices, Dr. Fine said, lies in the enormous amount of available credit in the 2007-2008, which allowed speculators to buy and hold massive reserves, disturbing traditional forces of supply and demand. Combined with a global finance system that neglected deposits and encouraged rampant buying and a lack of regulation, this perfect storm brought the financial world to its knees in September 2008.
As the global economy shows signs of recovery, Dr. Fine urged the audience to ignore speculators. So-called “geopolitical analysts” on major news shows, he said, are often self-interested frauds with no actual training in geopolitics, serving only to promote a product (oil, gas, or energy) and make faulty predictions.
In the framework of energy security, Dr. Fine cited President Obama’s speeches in Cairo and on Wall Street, as evidence of the administration’s movement away from hard power “oil politics” and toward Joseph Nye’s conception of soft power. Dr. Fine cited President Obama’s Cairo speech as the backbone of a new regional policy in which the United States will move away from energy independence and toward energy interdependence, working alongside the global community and with regulators to ensure transparency.
The new geopolitics, Dr. Fine noted, focus on the location of and environment that surrounds oil supplies. He indicated that this symbolizes a shift from “great salesmanship” to true political geography with an associated acknowledgement of the reality of sector specific risk. In this context, Dr. Fine discussed the “fourth corridor” pipeline route, popularly known as Nabucco, which will stretch across the Caspian Sea to Austria. Turkey’s attempts to claim 15% of the overall revenue would, if successful, render the proposed pipeline uneconomic, while the tumult in Georgia poses enormous political risk to the project. Russia, which holds a virtual monopoly on European natural gas supply and is dabbling anew in great power politics, is vehemently opposed to Nabucco. This is one of the reasons, Dr. Fine stressed, that Russia does not want to see regime change in Iran; the current anti-Western hard line ensures Iran’s illegitimacy in the West and thus prevents Iranian oil sales to Western powers.
Dr. Fine also touched on China and its crucial coal factor. China will inevitability decline the carbon emissions cap to be proposed at COP15, and India, along with other developing powers, will follow suit in rejecting emissions caps. But Dr. Fine argued that China’s emphasis on carbon capture synchronization, or CCS, demonstrates its relative advantage over the West in certain green energy issues.
Dr. Fine concluded by citing President Obama’s recent hard-line regulation speech on Wall Street as an outline of future policy. If regulation fails, Dr. Fine indicated it is likely that a pricing bubble will return in concert with a buying surge. But with regulation, and with stringent enforcement by both the U.S. and Europe, aid the economic crisis stabilize oil prices? What is the future of energy security?... more
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"NONE/LESS OF…
Cars & trucks
REPLACED WITH…
Bicycles, walking, electric scooters, horses, & mules
Airplane travel (domestic & international)
REPLACED WITH…
Infrequent long journeys by trains and boat
Power boats, barges, ocean liners, cargo ships, & super tankers
REPLACED WITH…
Sailboats, row-boats, canoes
Supermarket food shopping
REPLACED WITH…
Home gardens & local farmers markets
Vacations (domestic & international)
REPLACED WITH…
“Stay-cations” to local beaches, rivers, lakes, forests; Sunday’s at the creek
Restaurant & fast food meals
REPLACED WITH…
Cooking at home & family meals
Electronic gadgetry (TVs, computers, ipods, cell phones, DVDs, etc.)
REPLACED WITH…
Entertaining friends at home, block parties, visiting among neighbors,
Hollywood movies & CDs/downloads of your favorite bands
REPLACED WITH…
Community theater & neighborhood concerts by local artists & musicians
Power tools
REPLACED WITH…
Hand tools
Electricity on demand
REPLACED WITH…
Partial/multi-day electrical blackouts & limited-use electricity restrictions
Electric light bulbs
REPLACED WITH…
Candles & early bedtimes
Universities & colleges
REPLACED WITH…
Community colleges & trade apprenticing
Large grade-schools & high-schools
REPLACED WITH…
Small community schools & home-schooling
Huge farms in California & Mid-west supplying our food
REPLACED WITH…
Small farms everywhere (even in suburbs & cities) supplying our food
Oil/gas/electric home-heating
REPLACED WITH…
Wood stoves, passive solar, insulation, sweaters, blankets, & long underwear
Air conditioning
REPLACED WITH…
Shade trees, swimming holes, cool drinks, & sleeping on your porch
Hot showers
REPLACED WITH…
Cold showers, luke-warm baths & solar water heaters
Running water
REPLACED WITH…
Cisterns & hand pumps
Swimming pools
REPLACED WITH…
Swimming holes; local rivers, lakes, & oceans; dipping your head in a bucket
Parking lots
REPLACED WITH…
Bike racks & hitching posts
Skyscrapers & huge office buildings
REPLACED WITH…
Bat habitat & salvage projects
Refrigerators & freezers
REPLACED WITH…
Root cellars, smoke-houses, drying racks, ice-houses, & salt barrels
Credit card, loans, & debt in general
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Cash, bartering of goods, trading work
Skiing & snowboarding
REPLACED WITH…
Sledding, snowball fights, ice-skating
Budweiser, fine wines, & mixed drinks
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Home-made wine, beer, hard cider, & moonshine
One-family households
REPLACED WITH…
Extended-family or multi-family households (i.e. Grandma’s comin’ home…and so is Uncle Bob)
Divorce & re-marriage
REPLACED WITH…
Gritting it out (& hopefully working it out) with support of extended family
Clothes shopping
REPLACED WITH…
Hand-me-downs, mending, making
Not knowing (or barely knowing) your neighbors & little interaction with them
REPLACED WITH…
Intimately knowing your neighbors & relying on them for your survival
Terrorist threats (i.e. trying to grow commerce in an increasingly hostile global political climate)
REPLACED WITH…
Climate threats (i.e. trying to grow your food in an increasingly unpredictable physical climate)
Overweight & obese people
REPLACED WITH…
Malnutrition & “just enough”; lean & skinny people
High-fructose corn syrup & table sugar
REPLACED WITH…
Honey & fruit"
More and a better look at this chart:
By Dr. R. Daniel Allen
http://campfire.theoildrum.com/node/5937
"Most of the kids have a good laugh with the before/after comparison chart, and I laugh along with them. The contrasts between the present and (likely) future presented in the chart are striking to the point of unbelievability to them, and their reactions are honest and humorous: “So, Dr. Allen, where can I buy this mule I’ll need?”
But I also laugh with some sadness and a touch of fear; sadness that prudent suggestions to prepare for a difficult future are still regarded as a joke; and fear for a possibly much darker future I don’t think they yet comprehend -- a fear that we might not be able to pull this off"
What do you think?"NONE/LESS OF…
Cars & trucks
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Bicycles,... more
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