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THE EAGLE This is Amazing...It is no wonder there are scriptural references to the... more

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Circus Elephant Has New Life

Annie was rescued from the circus and now is enjoying her new life at the Longleat... more

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Poor to pay for higher food costs

More than a billion people across the world who survive on less than $1.25 a day will... more

suzane
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J - Walk PWN !! ( David spates )

David Spates shows and talks about a man's failed attempt to J - walk.

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Saw 3D (2010) Review

Saw 3D promoted as the Final Chapter in the series, picks up where Saw VI left off,... more

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2 years ago
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Gymnast Flips off of Motorcycle the Moment before a Crash

The motorcyclist survived and walked away unharmed, though there are claims he was a... more

Mcellie
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2 years ago
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Will Crystal Cathedral survive the bankruptcy threat?

Crystal Cathedral Church is situated in California and expands over an area of 40... more

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Robert Schimmel Photo

Robert Schimmel Photo, search continues! Soon after his death the search of Robert... more

andycr43
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2 years ago
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The Man in the Hole - a modern day hobbit lives underground in Joseph, Oregon

Daniel Price lives in a hole in the ground. There's just enough height to sit... more

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2 years ago
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Calif. Company currently selling doomsday bunkers space for 2012 post-apocalyptic survivors

Company will start building commercial underground bunkers for people who want to... more

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How the Yogee Is Able To Survive Purely On The Air!

How the Yogee Is Able To Survive Purely On The Air! - TRCB: http://bit.ly/bBcH6E via... more

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Surviving an Avalanche

!Extreme! This 29yo guy with helmet cam survived the avalanche! For sure that was the... more

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Drug could turn soldiers into super-survivors - health - 27 January 2010 - New Scientist

A LUCKY few seem to be able to laugh in the face of death, surviving massive blood loss and injuries that would kill others. Now a drug has been found that might turn virtually any injured person into a "super-survivor", by preventing certain biological mechanisms from shutting down.

The drug has so far only been tested in animals. If it has a similar effect in humans, it could vastly improve survival from horrific injuries, particularly in soldiers, by allowing them to live long enough to make it to a hospital.

Loss of blood is the main problem with many battlefield injuries, and a blood transfusion the best treatment, although replacing lost fluid with saline can help. But both are difficult to transport in sufficient quantities. "You can't carry a blood bank into the battlefield," says Hasan Alam of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. "What we're looking for is a pill or a shot that would keep a person alive for long enough to get to them to a hospital."
We're looking for a pill that would keep a person alive for long enough to get them to hospital

When the body loses a lot of blood, it tries to compensate by going into shock. This is a set of emergency measures to raise blood pressure and conserve energy, such as increasing heart rate and shutting down expression of some proteins. However, if the body stays in shock for more than a short time, it can lead to organ failure, and death soon follows.

Recent studies have suggested that around 6 or 7 per cent of genes change their expression in response to shock, via the removal of "epigenetic", chemical additions to the genome called acetylations. As histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can prevent the removal of such acetylations, Alam wondered if these drugs might improve survival after blood loss.

His team previously showed that valproic acid, an HDAC inhibitor already used to treat epilepsy, increased survival rates in rats that had lost a lot of blood. It seemed to be doing this by preventing acetylation, causing certain "survival pathways" to remain switched on.

Now Alam has repeated the study in pigs. He anaesthetised the animals, drained 60 per cent of their blood, and subjected them to other injuries before giving them a saline transfusion. He then injected some of the pigs with valproic acid, gave others a blood transfusion and left the remainder untreated.

Just 25 per cent of the pigs receiving only saline survived for 4 hours - the typical time it takes to get hospital treatment - while 86 per cent of those injected with valproic acid survived. All those that had a blood transfusion lived (Surgery, DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2009.04.007).

Alam is currently repeating the trial to make sure valproic acid does not hinder survival in the longer term. If so, he will apply for permission to do human trials by the end of the year.

"It's exciting," says John Holcomb of the Center for Translational Injury Research at the University of Texas in Houston. "They're looking at resuscitation in a different way."

Earlier studies by Alam's team showed that rats that naturally survive traumatic blood loss also experience fewer changes in gene expression than those that die or suffer complications. He thinks the same might be true in humans. "Every person has this capacity to survive a huge insult, but most of the time it's dormant," he says. "That's why the same insult kills some people while others laugh and move on. What we're trying to do is make you super-resistant using the pathways and proteins that already exist."

However, Graham Packham of Southampton General Hospital, UK, who is investigating the use of HDAC inhibitors to treat cancer, says it isn't yet clear how valproic acid, which reacts with a wide range of molecules, is actually prolonging survival. "It's not clear whether this is driven by valproic acid's epigenetic activity," he says.
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