Artificial life is only months away
source: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article6804599.ece
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- EmperorThan
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“Assuming we don’t make any errors, I think it should work and we should have the first synthetic species by the end of the year,” he said.
Dr Venter, who has been chasing his goal for a decade, is already working on projects to use synthetic biology to create bacteria that transform coal into cleaner natural gas, and algae that soak up carbon dioxide and turn it into hydrocarbon fuels. Other potential applications include new ways of manufacturing medicines and vaccines.
Dr Venter’s prediction came after scientists at his J. Craig Venter Institute, in Rockville, Maryland, announced that they had developed a new method of transplanting DNA into bacteria, promising to solve a problem that has held up the artificial life project for two years.
The team took the first step in 2007 by implanting the genome of a bacterium, Mycoplasma mycoides, into cells belonging to a close relative, Mycoplasma capricolum. This transformed the host bacteria into Mycoplasma mycoides.
Last January the team built a bacterium’s entire genetic code from scratch. The next step was to transfer this synthetic genome into a host cell, using the 2007 transplant technique, to “reboot” it with genetic instructions written by humans. This has failed so far because the synthetic genome will not work when it is transplanted into host cells.
The new research, published in Science, has identified the probable reason for this failure and developed a new approach that should address it.
Natural bacterial genomes, such as the one that was successfully transplanted, are chemically modified by a process called methylation. When they are inserted into other cells this process appears to protect them against chemicals called restriction enzymes, which defend against viruses.
The synthetic genome, however, is not methylated, as it has to be grown in yeast, which does not provide the necessary chemical modifications, thus leaving it open to attack by the restriction enzymes.
In the new study, the Venter team grew the natural M. mycoides genome in yeast, under similar conditions to the synthetic genome, so that it had no methylation. These genomes failed to take when they were transplanted into host cells.
The team then remethylated the M. mycoides genome in the laboratory before placing it into the host cell. This time the transplants worked and the cells were rebooted as M. mycoides.
The success suggests that methylating the synthetic genome before transfer should allow it to take over host cells and reboot them with its DNA. Experiments in this have now begun.
Methylation should protect the synthetic genome against the host cells’ defences, much as drugs that suppress the immune system protect transplanted organs against rejection.
Hamilton Smith, a Nobel laureate who is another leader of the research, said: “I believe this work has important implications in better understanding the fundamentals of biology to enable the final stages of our work in creating and booting up a synthetic genome. This is possibly one of the most important new findings in the field of synthetic genomics.”
Dr Venter said the research was particularly important because it opened the door to altering algae and bacteria to perform useful functions.
“This could be one of the most powerful tools in biology,” he said.
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- WTF, Science, Technology, Bizarre, 5 more
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Agent_Alpha
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Stop making smarter computers.
"I'm afraid I can't let you do that dave." - 2 years ago
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Agent_Alpha
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rubycon40
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sounds cool but i have heard all this bullshit since the mid eighties ,,,,,,wait and see,,,?????????????
- 2 years ago
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rubycon40
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rubycon40
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nice thought,,,,,,,,,,,,but,,,what will be next,,,???
- 2 years ago
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rubycon40
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Gravity_Man
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rubycon40:
Fire PETA for not protecting humans.
- 2 years ago
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Gravity_Man
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jubal
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Reminds me of the genius hero form the Watchmen. The one who framed Dr. Manhattan.
- 2 years ago
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jubal
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guy_gunaratne
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Heard about this Craig Venter guy. He's one of those renegade genius types but in a good way.
And now lookit. He's God.
Quite an achievement. Seriously. Just don't fuck it up.
- 2 years ago
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guy_gunaratne
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naty_forty
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wow, how far science has gone...
- 2 years ago
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naty_forty
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sidedish
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To all those saying Venter shouldn't be persuing this: be aware that this is a race between billions of dollars coming here or to Beijing (read: Beijing Genomics Institute). There is a race is on for this technology and the group run by Venter (or any in the U.S. for that matter) are using much more restricting lab ethics and security than they are in the far east.
You should really be relieved that our country has the brain power to do this research correctly despite a down economy and our public school system failing to teach the majority of our kids proper science!
- 2 years ago
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sidedish
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Gravity_Man
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sidedish:
It is very reassuring to know that the supervirus killed the Chinese first.
- 2 years ago
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Gravity_Man
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Zurama
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Very disturbing!
- 2 years ago
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Zurama
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J_Jammer [removed]
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If the nothingness of space can create life...why is it so hard for smart-pants men to do it? I mean space doesn't even have a brain.
- 2 years ago
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J_Jammer [removed]
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div
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J_Jammer:
Space had how many millions of years to do it?
Humans only have a few decades.
- 2 years ago
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div
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J_Jammer [removed]
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J_Jammer:
Humans have a brain.
The Universe has....nothing. I would think that a billion years with nothing that gave something could be rivaled by a brain.
- 2 years ago
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J_Jammer [removed]
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div
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J_Jammer:
That's a bit simplistic, isn't it? We assume that the human brain is the be all and end all or intelligence. We try to make something of nothing, but we simply cannot recreate the EXACT nothingness that was present millennia ago which led to creation of life. We're getting pretty close to abiogenesis!
Anyway, in my opinion, time has more power than the human brain.
- 2 years ago
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div
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J_Jammer [removed]
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J_Jammer:
Seeing how a student can surpasses a teacher how is it that the human brain is less than what created it? That's kind of backwards in how this whole evolving thing works.
There has been nothing shown that is more powerful than the human brain. Time isn't really seen, therefore it can't compete. You can't even quantify it enough to have a battle.
- 2 years ago
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J_Jammer [removed]
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div
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J_Jammer:
You're really putting down time. To ignore the importance of time is to ignore nature as it is. Without time, we wouldn't exist. True, it cannot be quantified, but you cannot expect the human mind to simply recreate in years what nature did in millenia. There is an incredible amount of things the human mind does not comprehend.
Considering how evolution works, then we must know for certain that the human mind is not the best - or rather will not be the best for ever.
"Time isn't really seen, therefore it can't compete."
Only humans and space are in this competition? How does space work without time? How does anything work without time? - 2 years ago
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div
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J_Jammer [removed]
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J_Jammer:
If we could never die or grow old then what use is time to us? It's a measurement that isn't necessary outside use of birthdays and drinking age. =P
- 2 years ago
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J_Jammer [removed]
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jubal
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J_Jammer:
Whose to say the universe isn't one giant brain and we are all its thoughts?
- 2 years ago
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jubal
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J_Jammer [removed]
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J_Jammer:
Certainly not facts.
- 2 years ago
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J_Jammer [removed]
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DistantPlanet
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So I have a question... If you could theoretically choose the genes your child inherits so that they would be born with brown eyes... is it possible that the technique this guy is using--rewriting the DNA of cells--could eventually be used to say change the eye color of an adult be rewriting that portion of their DNA?? Eye color obviously is the least frightening or amazing of the possibilities for that technique. :)
- 2 years ago
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DistantPlanet
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lucidstone
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DistantPlanet:
"If you could theoretically choose the genes your child inherits so that they would be born with brown eyes"- That's no longer theoretical, but is becoming practice through genetic diagnosis and selection.
http://current.com/items/89856131_custom-made-babies.htm#89858299As for using targeted genetic engineering to change phenotypes in adults, I think that could very well be in the cards sometime in the future.
If this technique could be used for or as a stepping stone to that purpose, maybe . . . I really couldn't tell you, you'd need to find a geneticist that has been following this project in detail for a solid answer.
- 2 years ago
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lucidstone
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Incredulous
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DistantPlanet:
tis on the horizon, and currently being projected in the realm of 'personalized medicine'
- 2 years ago
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Incredulous
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laurengraves
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"The success suggests that methylating the synthetic genome before transfer should allow it to take over host cells and reboot them with its DNA. Experiments in this have now begun."
uhhh..... not sure if this is good..
- 2 years ago
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laurengraves
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ellax21193
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This is great I just hope they don't use it to create bacteria that transform coal into cleaner natural gas, and algae that soak up carbon dioxide and turn it into hydrocarbon fuels. Yes they are cleaner but what is our obsession with carbon based fuels...they all still polute...and even if you don't think it effects the environment it effects our lungs
- 2 years ago
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ellax21193
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Darevalo
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pff... its only a single celled organism.
that will multiply. into its own species, like a segregate Bactria/algae
use one to create a species.
crazy stuff.
- 2 years ago
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Darevalo
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melikjay
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Very cool, but along with the positives that come along with this, there will be negatives, the whole damn can't have your cake and eat it too business. I just hope the negatives don't include some crazy genetically enhanced disease that wipes out a 1/3rd of the world population. Although that would probably help the planet...But why be a cynic, I genuinely hope they can pull this off without royally fucking up everything in the process.
- 2 years ago
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melikjay
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groundpounder12492
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This tech could be terrible, and wonderful. Similar technology has already been used to make new strains of bio weapons with the death rate of ebola, the incubation and infection period of smallpox, and the spreading power of the common cold. with an almost 100% death rate and a period where someone could spread this (virus) of weeks, 1 person could spread it to thousands.
When I say wonderful, I don't mean a Mad Max world of immune bandits and survivors, (that is decidedly NOT wonderful, although it would be cool) , I mean custom made cures for terrible diseases and cancers that now we can only treat with very harmful radiation and drugs. HIV for example. we already have viruses that can eat HIV all day and night, but they are too agressive for use in humans (as far as I can remember). What this research could make possible is a harmless (to humans) virus that would eat up HIV in patients.
My third thing is pure speculation; the terraforming of mars :p. Basically making mars as hospidable to humans as it can be. Currently, not many life forms on earth could live on mars, and those that could wouldn't produce the chemicals needed to terraform mars (Oxygen, Nitrogen etc.) And those that produce those chemicals in signifigant quantities couldn't survive on mars. According to this research, with a little splicing and dicing, we would have a lichen to ship off to mars, and in a few hundred years (give or take) we would have a red planet with possible oceans and an ahtmosphere that you could breathe (not exactly, because mars's ahtmospheric pressure is so low that you would have serious problems inhaling)
- 2 years ago
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groundpounder12492
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iamaman
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groundpounder12492:
plus mars lacks a strong magnetic field to retain much atmosphere.
- 2 years ago
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iamaman
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SPiNDiZZYR0CK
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groundpounder12492:
Unfortunately I don't believe our government wants to cure anything, not only would the health care company's loose massive amounts of money but the over population problem arises also.
- 2 years ago
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SPiNDiZZYR0CK
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Brett_Davis
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Its incredible how far science is pushing limitations, but what is this going to be used for exactly?
- 2 years ago
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Brett_Davis
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rockfrek3
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wait does that mean we could just m,ake armys out of synthetic life in the future like completly synthesized armies
- 2 years ago
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rockfrek3
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morgane_r
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In the past I been against this form of science, recreating human cells, etc and yet it is amazing and inspiring that we are literally creating artificial life to save lives.
I am still skeptical but I do appreciate the work that is being done. Thank you!
- 2 years ago
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morgane_r
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Hurtsville
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You are all missing the point.
Re-read this exerpt.
"The success suggests that methylating the synthetic genome before transfer should allow it to take over host cells and reboot them with its DNA. Experiments in this have now begun."
This is a VERY bad idea.
- 2 years ago
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Hurtsville
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ellax21193
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Hurtsville:
where is the point that we "are all missing" and what is the "very bad idea" in that excerpt?
- 2 years ago
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ellax21193
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ianakaeeen
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Hurtsville:
"...should allow it to take over host cells and reboot them with its DNA."
I suspect his point is that the taking over of host cells in order to restart the cell with new DNA can be very much abused. Perhaps we could render a bacteria to take over virus cells and cure Cancer and STD's and other diseases which hurt humanity (though really they're natural population control- hahaha) but at the same time, we could render a bacteria to eat through anything and destroy anything.
- 2 years ago
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ianakaeeen
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cadex
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Hurtsville:
Like most scientific breakthroughs, the emerging technology can have good and bad applications.
Unfortunately, if it's possible then the abuse of this technology for diabolical means probably will happen at some point down the time line.
- 2 years ago
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cadex
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Incredulous
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Hurtsville:
but isn't that, more or less, what a virus does on its own, take over host cells and reboot them with its own DNA?
so in a sense, we no longer have to rely on our own f'ups to mutate genes and create disease, we can now customize made to order disease and make the pharmaceutical industry fabulously wealthy saving us all from ourselves.
oh, wait, I got that backwards, I meant we can create interventions and cures...what was I thinking?
- 2 years ago
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Incredulous
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div
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Hurtsville:
OR you know, we could convince cancer cells to stop acting like cancer cells.
Or something useful like that...
- 2 years ago
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div
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ellax21193
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Hurtsville:
incredulous...
a virus uses a host cell to manufacture copies of itself...it doesn't actually "reboot" the cell with its own DNA/RNA it just uses it as a factory, the cell does the same thing it just duplicates viruses as well...that is quite a large differenceand as with any scientific or technological advance there is always a negative side I can't think of any advance that we have made that can't be used for harm...but isn't it worth saving the lives should we just tell people that we have the technology to save them but we are to scared to use it because we think somebody might take it and use it in a bad way
- 2 years ago
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ellax21193
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SPiNDiZZYR0CK
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Hurtsville:
Bad people do bad things, it's going to happen and nothing can stop it. On the other hand, for someone like my best friend who has lupus this breakthrough might be the only thing than can stop her body from destroying itself, and that makes it worth it in my mind.
- 2 years ago
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SPiNDiZZYR0CK
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Incredulous
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Hurtsville:
I was being incredulous ellax21193, my Achilles' heel, with the key terminology in my analogy being 'more or less,' but thank you for the clarification.
Your question, "isn't it worth saving the lives-- should we just tell people that we have the technology to save them but we are to scared to use it because we think somebody might take it and use it in a bad way" has been the pivotal point for any discussion of scientific advancement for almost as long as we have been doing science, and in my opinion, it is only when we stop asking that question that we are in real danger of using science in a bad way.
- 2 years ago
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Incredulous
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TommyTooThumbs
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will be very useful... but I fear it could be much more destructive.
- 2 years ago
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TommyTooThumbs
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Adrian_Nikolic
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vistapoint:
man look what the wheel did, you think caveman thought about that shit
- 2 years ago
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Adrian_Nikolic
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remanns
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Terra forming tech is a-brewin! "Monsanto on Mars",....ulp.
- 2 years ago
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remanns
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DaveFriedel
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Replicants! It's Blade Runner!
- 2 years ago
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DaveFriedel
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iamaman
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DaveFriedel:
my favorite!
- 2 years ago
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iamaman
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sergantonio
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This is incredible it could do so much to fight diseases of all types even destroy them making synthetic medications custom tailored to individuals finally real progress towards a great future.
- 2 years ago
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sergantonio
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davesarush
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God will smite us all for this evilness!!!! the mighty hand of god will strike thee from the earth for your wicked ways!!!!!!!!!! nah just kidding ,I talked to God and he thought it was pretty fukking cool.
- 2 years ago
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davesarush
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StandaboveUnderstand
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davesarush:
if god made us in his image then we should and can make life as he did.
- 2 years ago
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StandaboveUnderstand
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jubal
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davesarush:
Good point.
- 2 years ago
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jubal
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iamaman
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this should help in the research in the use of our own adult stem cells to help cure disease, instead of embryonic stem cells .
(cool picture)
- 2 years ago
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iamaman
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carmalite
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I love science. Can't wait to see what comes of this.
- 2 years ago
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carmalite
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Mike_Johnston
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Would have been more ironic to use a nine month timetable...just sayin
- 2 years ago
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Mike_Johnston
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asherp
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Great. Let's make an unstoppable bacteria that turns all organic matter into gasoline.
Then instead of bombing people, we can just give them a dusting.
- 2 years ago
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asherp
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4saken
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asherp:
Nice ignorance based fear mongering . ;) But I can't say it isn't expected from you.
- 2 years ago
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4saken
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nkeg87
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asherp:
thanks 4saken. That made me laugh.
- 2 years ago
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nkeg87
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ajiacoysancocho
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I'd like to read about the benefits this will bring, if any.
- 2 years ago
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ajiacoysancocho
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iamaman
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ajiacoysancocho:
the implications for the study of Designer DNA in stem cell research sounds like the missing puzzle peace. then the pro-lifers can give the stem cell controversy a rest.
- 2 years ago
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iamaman
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EmperorThan
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ajiacoysancocho:
it's application would be limitless.
Like the bacteria they altered a few years ago to eat oil, they've become the gold standard for oil spill clean up.
The potential is there, to say we shouldn't embark on this endeavor because the only thing 'you' personally can think of is insidious is somewhat selfish.
For instance if you could create an nutritious organism that ate the salt out of sea water then you could feed starving third world countries and provide them drinking water in the same process.
- 2 years ago
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EmperorThan
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kurthsb27
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ajiacoysancocho:
"Dr Venter, who has been chasing his goal for a decade, is already working on projects to use synthetic biology to create bacteria that transform coal into cleaner natural gas, and algae that soak up carbon dioxide and turn it into hydrocarbon fuels. Other potential applications include new ways of manufacturing medicines and vaccines."
you should try re-reading the article
- 2 years ago
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kurthsb27
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jubal
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ajiacoysancocho:
Those all sound fine and good, but what about scientists with political agendas that say would like to create "Designer DNA" to rid the world of certain races, or groups of politically undesirable people like homosexuals and such?
- 2 years ago
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jubal
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Tikbalang
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This is incorrect. No life is being created from non-life. All they are doing is mixing up DNA. Same thing Mendel did with the peas. To create life from non-living matter is impossible.
- 2 years ago
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Tikbalang
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4saken
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Tikbalang:
So non-reproducing chemicals cannot form reproducing chemicals? Interesting claim.
- 2 years ago
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4saken
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neonbunny
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Tikbalang:
"To create life from non-living matter is impossible."
No, THAT'S incorrect. Life is made from and originated from non-living matter (hence the reason we find it so hard to define life). So it is obviously possible.
- 2 years ago
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neonbunny
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iamaman
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Tikbalang:
"we are star dust"
but i was disappointed to find out they were converting preexisting algae and bactrium. but the point that they can create synthetic customizable DNA is way cool.
the implications for the study of Designer DNA in stem cell research is astronomical.
Designer DNA? did i just coin a term?
- 2 years ago
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iamaman
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EmperorThan
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Tikbalang:
Good observation, but like NeoBunny said life is very hard to define because if you took apart all the links of your DNA in your whole body and dropped it into a pile, the pile would not be living material. It'd just be carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.
If we were to create something like the postulated methane based lifeform it would be truly unique and original, we are just co-opting what nature has already provided for us, true.
But if we were to create something like the methane based lifeform would it be considered life at all?
- 2 years ago
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EmperorThan
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iamaman
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Tikbalang:
wow! that is deep.
let me think, carbon based life form...............Methane based life form................why not.
- 2 years ago
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iamaman
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specked
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Tikbalang:
Not quite the same thing that Mendel did.
- 2 years ago
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specked
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Adrian_Nikolic
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Manatee_man:
then how did the very first life forms on earth form, don't bible bash me either
- 2 years ago
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Adrian_Nikolic
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dj97439
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I was going to say awesome, but that was taken, so how about super-hyper-awesome!! I've been following this guy for awhile. He got science game!
- 2 years ago
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dj97439
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ddelazan [removed]
- This comment was removed by its owner.
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ddelazan [removed]
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Acedia
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ddelazan:
If it is, it'll probably taste like chicken.
- 2 years ago
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Acedia
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Valence
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ddelazan:
Every thing taste like chicken lolz D:
- 2 years ago
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Valence
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artemis6
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Is this a good idea ?
- 2 years ago
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artemis6
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heartshapedbee
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artemis6:
I agree, this is very questionable
- 2 years ago
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heartshapedbee
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Gravity_Man
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artemis6:
It took them TWO YEARS to figure that out?!?! Gosh A'mighty that's crawlin' on your hands & knees. Well, when the scientists at one university finish the nanobot project and these guys finish the algae-fixes-everything project and the other groups of disassociated smart dummies finish their projects and somehow they criss-cross in the bathroom I guess that'll just about be it.
The only great thing about it is that we can know the scientists all got eaten down to the bone first.
- 2 years ago
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Gravity_Man
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jubal
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artemis6:
It seems disingenuous to call them artificial. It implies that man has created a life, when he is merely manipulating life.
- 2 years ago
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jubal
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organisedbumblebass
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artemis6:
that was a very wise thing to say jabul. i agree.
- 2 years ago
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organisedbumblebass
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neonbunny
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Wicked
- 2 years ago
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neonbunny
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RussRuss
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Awesome
- 2 years ago
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RussRuss
