New Solar Energy Conversion Process Could Revamp Solar Power Production
source: http://www.photonicsonline.com/article.mvc/New-Solar-Energy-Conversion-Process-Could-0001?at...
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- JanforGore
- added this
Stanford engineers have figured out how to simultaneously use the light and heat of the sun to generate electricity in a way that could make solar power production more than twice as efficient as existing methods and potentially cheap enough to compete with oil.
Unlike photovoltaic technology currently used in solar panels – which becomes less efficient as the temperature rises – the new process excels at higher temperatures.
Called "photon enhanced thermionic emission," or PETE, the process promises to surpass the efficiency of existing photovoltaic and thermal conversion technologies.
"This is really a conceptual breakthrough, a new energy conversion process, not just a new material or a slightly different tweak," said Nick Melosh, an assistant professor of materials science and engineering, who led the research group. "It is actually something fundamentally different about how you can harvest energy."
And the materials needed to build a device to make the process work are cheap and easily available, meaning the power that comes from it will be affordable.
Melosh is senior author of a paper describing the tests the researchers conducted. It was published online Aug. 1 in Nature Materials.
"Just demonstrating that the process worked was a big deal," Melosh said. "And we showed this physical mechanism does exist; it works as advertised."
Most photovoltaic cells, such as those used in rooftop solar panels, use the semiconducting material silicon to convert the energy from photons of light to electricity. But the cells can only use a portion of the light spectrum, with the rest just generating heat.
This heat from unused sunlight and inefficiencies in the cells themselves account for a loss of more than 50 percent of the initial solar energy reaching the cell.
If this wasted heat energy could somehow be harvested, solar cells could be much more efficient. The problem has been that high temperatures are necessary to power heat-based conversion systems, yet solar cell efficiency rapidly decreases at higher temperatures.
Until now, no one had come up with a way to wed thermal and solar cell conversion technologies.
Melosh's group figured out that by coating a piece of semiconducting material with a thin layer of the metal cesium, it made the material able to use both light and heat to generate electricity.
"What we've demonstrated is a new physical process that is not based on standard photovoltaic mechanisms, but can give you a photovoltaic-like response at very high temperatures," Melosh said. "In fact, it works better at higher temperatures. The higher the better."
While most silicon solar cells have been rendered inert by the time the temperature reaches 100 degrees Celsius, the PETE device doesn't hit peak efficiency until it is well over 200 C.
Because PETE performs best at temperatures well in excess of what a rooftop solar panel would reach, the devices will work best in solar concentrators such as parabolic dishes, which can get as hot as 800 C. Dishes are used in large solar farms similar to those proposed for the Mojave Desert in Southern California and usually include a thermal conversion mechanism as part of their design, which offers another opportunity for PETE to help generate electricity as well as minimize costs by meshing with existing technology.
"The light would come in and hit our PETE device first, where we would take advantage of both the incident light and the heat that it produces, and then we would dump the waste heat to their existing thermal conversion systems," Melosh said. "So the PETE process has two really big benefits in energy production over normal technology."
Photovoltaic systems never get hot enough for their waste heat to be useful in thermal energy conversion, but the high temperatures at which PETE performs are perfect for generating usable high-temperature waste heat. Melosh calculates the PETE process can get to 50 percent efficiency or more under solar concentration, but if combined with a thermal conversion cycle, could reach 55 or even 60 percent – almost triple the efficiency of existing systems.
The team would like to design the devices so they could be easily bolted on to existing systems, thereby making conversion relatively inexpensive.
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- recommended by:
- Vierotchka
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ultravphunter
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I'd like to see this in person, on the market. The sooner we ween ourselves off oil the better.
Also, was anyone else kinda reminded of Iron Man by the picture for the article? Hooray for future energy!
- 1 year ago
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ultravphunter
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Gravity_Man
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ultravphunter:
Hey, you're right. Iron Man all the way. Whew, I'm really slipping this week. So, we all can't BE Iron Men but WE can all drive his car! Imagine that, an iron car that barely weighs 1600 pounds.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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ultravphunter
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Gravity_Man:
All we need now is Robert Downey Jr. to be the voice for the onboard GPS and we're set, preferably with some Tony Snark attitude.
- 1 year ago
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ultravphunter
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Gravity_Man
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ultravphunter:
Robert Downey would lower hisself that much? he$he$he$he$
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man
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Put one on the roof of each Chevy Volt?
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man:
Hybrid batteries charging while stuck in traffic?
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man:
A self-charging Chevy Volt might be worth $41,000. Just need to find somebody with $41,000 and a job is all.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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ultravphunter
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Gravity_Man:
Put one on the roof of an electric car, extend your range without having to stop for a charge.
- 1 year ago
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ultravphunter
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Gravity_Man
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ultravphunter:
Remember the movie Tucker, a man and his car? It had a center headlight that would turn in the direction of the curves. This one could turn in the direction of the Sun. Of course if you're Rich & Famous you can have a stretch limo with 16.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man:
Put bigger solar magnifier thingys on top of old used school buses and bring back HIPPIES.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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CarlosIsDown
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Then we're going to have a big solar spill :(
lulz ;) j/k
- 1 year ago
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CarlosIsDown
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Gravity_Man
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CarlosIsDown:
What if it had been bigger? French fried Planet Dirt!
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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ezrierin
- This comment has been hidden for review.
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ezrierin
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Gravity_Man
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ezrierin:
Perhaps if you REPENT? Change your Ways?
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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mindcruzer
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ezrierin:
Well, last time I checked this is someones website that you use. So if the owners don't like what you say, they can remove it. Free speech really doesn't apply here.
- 1 year ago
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mindcruzer
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man:
Sometimes necessity calls for real FAST repentance, before the Staff finds ya.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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ibrake4rappers13
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Is this it?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEl-PfrSdb0
BTW join Educating America for more things like this.
- 1 year ago
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ibrake4rappers13
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Lucretia_Gross
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We're on the verge of a paradigm shift. Things are going to be uncomfortable for a bit before we can acclimate to whatever new technology we embrace; it seems we are ending the Oil chapters.
- 1 year ago
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Lucretia_Gross
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Gravity_Man
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Lucretia_Gross:
I concur with your assessment but I fully expect the oil companies to fund then commandeer whatever new technologies comes along, so while it will be an improvement towards our stewardship of the Earth it will still leave us where we are => monthly bills and, somehow, an occasional price gouging.
I would much prefer each home having a Gravity Wheel turning an electrical generator over in the closet or down in the basement and get rid of power lines. Transmission lines are our Achille's heel to the increasing storms and masses of solar explosion radiation. A G.W. in the home would be shielded from all of those things.
That for me would be a full paradigm shift. Good post.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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mindcruzer
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This is great, but I see one big problem. How do you store all that energy that the cells produce? We have batteries, but they don't have a very large energy storage density (part of the reason we don't have many electric cars). It isn't [optimally] sunny all the time, and one would need a storage medium that can hold a substantial amount of energy while solar radiation is at a minimum, which, I'm not sure exists. Maybe there is a solution to this I don't know about?
- 1 year ago
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mindcruzer
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JanforGore
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mindcruzer:
MIT has developed a way for cells to hold energy at night. Maybe they can get together with Stanford and combine these technologies to make the best of all worlds. But again, we read about these great strides taking place, yet they constantly get squashed by the status quo.
- 1 year ago
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JanforGore
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Dagum
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was going to say great, finally some good news.
But I've read so many articles on Current and elsewhere about new or improved scientific break-through relating to energy.
Whatever happens to these ideas? How comes rarely any of these break-throughs make it to the market?
There is some talked about the United states forgetting how to manufacture and mass produce products. But an area that really needs reform is the U.S. Patent system.
If you do a patent search you will find there are tens of thousand of patents for solar, wind or other alternative energy inventions. However, a further search will reveal that the owner of these patents is an oil or coal company.
And therein lies the problem. Oil companies and others, who benefit from the status quo, are quick to pounce on any new invention/innovation that challenges their dominance. They will pay WHATEVER PRICE its takes to BUY-OUT the PATENT from the original inventor and then just shelf it until it expires (20 years LATER!). By that time the people that would have invested in and mass produced the product forget the discovery/invention/innovation ever existed, or have invested their, time, money and energy in some other endeavor.
- 1 year ago
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Dagum
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artemis6
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Very cool .
- 1 year ago
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artemis6
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CalgarC
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the oil companies will kill this...
- 1 year ago
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CalgarC
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mindcruzer
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CalgarC:
Or buy it and market it. At some point they will know they're done with oil and they will move on to other energy sources. After all, they are energy companies. But yeah, they might try and kill it for a bit, while oil is still at its peak. It would be nice if some people had the decency not to sell these types of innovations to big energy companies.
- 1 year ago
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mindcruzer
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CalgarC
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mindcruzer:
they will find a way to clone or conserve, buy adding water or some chemical that causes brain damage...
- 1 year ago
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CalgarC
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ampersand
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Time to tool on over to the ever so beige Stanford campus and persuade them that the PERFECT site for the very next scale up of the parabolic collector research for this application, oddly enough, just happens to be in my very own oceanfront scatter.
Gentlemen, give me a fine cesium coat for my solar array and I'll return the favor with some excellent roses and long term pass for endless sunset hours in the stone hot tub...I promise to faithfully attend to all research and reporting protocols. - 1 year ago
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ampersand
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toyotabedzrock
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They keep reporting these advances but none are able to be manufactured practically.
- 1 year ago
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toyotabedzrock
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JanforGore
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toyotabedzrock:
I am frustrated about this as well. I read so much about so many innovations in the solar field and how it will make the price come down. And yet, they are not on the market... and we NEED them to be on the market and be affordable now.
- 1 year ago
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JanforGore
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CalgarC
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toyotabedzrock:
they can be manufactured, but the oil companies stand in the way
- 1 year ago
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CalgarC
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CalgarC
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JanforGore:
instructables... get some DIY energy
- 1 year ago
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CalgarC
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mindcruzer
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JanforGore:
"NEED them to be on the market and be affordable now."
That's easier said than done. Most of the time when we hear about advances in photovoltaics they are years away from being put out on to the market, and even further away from being cheap. For various reasons of course, including not enough funding and research, but that's how it is at the moment.
- 1 year ago
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mindcruzer
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JanforGore
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mindcruzer:
That's why we need these socalled "billionaires" who claimed they were going to give half their money to charity to put their money where their mouths are then and buy this technology and start selling it at an affordable price here. It isn't as though they need to make a profit from it since they were willing to give up the money in the first place, and it will be good for the environment. I won't hold my breath waiting for something like that to happen however. I would do it if I were rich. Every poor person in a developing country would have access to this technology as well as elsewhere. Screw the governments and their oil company parasites!
- 1 year ago
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JanforGore
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bailey78
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JanforGore:
But the oil an gas folks are not wanting to let go. They have all the money and all the lobbiest working for them. We need to break that cycle first then they can produce the panels an market them at a price we can afford.
- 1 year ago
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bailey78
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bailey78
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Now all I need is for the price to come down so I can afford them. I want them so bad I can't stand it.
- 1 year ago
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78:
Bailey Quick! Move Fast buy up all the cesium stocks ya can! hahaha Quick man, build these collectors on the small ferris wheel 15 of em spaced around the wheel => then spin it 4 revolutions a second for House Current Output 60 Hz.
Hop to, chop suey! 4 x 15=60 revs a second house current!
Peak Oil Begone => Swoosh! it's Fell Swoop Time!
Power for the new Chevy Volt just came online!
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78:
And don't forget to put big magnifying glasses in the path of the new-design solar collector system. Spin the collectors through the path under the magnifying glass Bailey, In Like Flint man you're home free now! All the power your House needs PLUS that new Electric Car you're gonna buy soon.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man:
Thats a plan that just might work.
- 1 year ago
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bailey78
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man:
I'm thinking about going low voltage 36 volts D.C. then bump it up to 120 volts like some of the Boats I've worked on have had.
- 1 year ago
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78:
I've always read the deep cycle marine batteries last much longer. Apartment renters like me can't have a bunch of batteries like that. I look forward to reading more about this system. My 3rd floor balcony gets plenty of sunlight from the south facing. The two large bedroom windows would be ideal once someone comes up with a system to fit inside the window frame I'd be In Like Flint then.
Cut the Main switch [turns off the power company feed] and then plug the feed from the batteries into a wall outlet you see. That would share power in the box with every other outlet.... electrifying all appliances. Yep, I could have three big sunny areas going into my OWN POWER GRID.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man:
AAh man all ya need is six big D-cell batteries. I've worked on some boats that had all the same things most houses have well every thing but a bath room that was big enough to shower in. i always hated the salt water bath that comes with a shrimp boat.
- 1 year ago
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78:
I took courses in Electronic Circuit Board Theory at ECPI and you're talking basics about home electricity I didn't really get into. I do know that AC current is hard on motors (washing machines, dryers) so switching to DC appliances they would last longer, especially DC light bulbs. If there's going to be 12 billion people we need to get this mess straight. => Edison was Right. We should've had AC to the house then converted it to DC inside the house.
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man:
Naa man I will be converting to 120 volts for all appliances. trying to find low voltage appliances is a pain in the ass plus they cost twice as much
- 1 year ago
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bailey78
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Gravity_Man
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bailey78:
Perhaps some repentance & things would go better [for your appliances].
- 1 year ago
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Gravity_Man