Tech | September 23, 2011 | 32 comments

Will faster-than-light particles bypass Einstein?

Vierotchka
Physicists reported Thursday that sub-atomic particles called neutrinos can travel faster than light, a finding that -- if verified -- would blast a hole in Einstein's theory of relativity.
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32 comments // Will faster-than-light particles bypass Einstein? // Video

  • Itsbatman_Durr
  • dliebelson
  • Argon18
    • +5
      Argon18  
    • Image
    • dliebelson:

      http://i.huffpost.com/gadgets/slideshows/4696/slide_4696_65130_large.jpg

      So you're saving it up until they develope a telephone that can communicate across membranes to other dimensions? That would be worth the explosion!

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory

      "3.2 A linear path off the brane

      We may replace the periodic coordinate of GTvS with the unbounded x coordinate, and omit the y and z coordinates for brevity. Then one obtains ds2 = gtt(u, v) dt2 + 2gtx(u, v) dxdt − gxx(u, v) dx2 − du2 − dv2 . (12)
      (Notice in particular the sign convention on the coefficient of dx2.)

      The speed of light at any point will depend on (u, v) through the metric elements. The restriction to Lorentzian signature implies that− g6 ≡ −Det(gμ) = gtt(u, v) gxx(u, v) + g2tx(u, v) > 0 . (13)

      World lines for lightlike travel (null lines) satisfy
      0 = gtt(u, v) + 2gtx(u, v) x˙ − gxx(u, v) x˙ 2 − u˙ 2 − v˙ 2 . (14)

      The solutions to (14) for the analogs of co-rotating and counter-rotating light speed at fixed (u, v) are x˙± = gtx(u, v) ± √−g6 gxx(u, v). (15)

      On the brane, x˙ must equal c = 1, so we again choose gtt(0, 0) = gxx(0, 0) = 1 and gtx(0, 0) = 0."

    • 8 months ago
  • Buckeye_Bill
  • dliebelson
  • Argon18
  • Saladin
    • 0
      Saladin  
    • If it's true, it would be the most ground-breaking discovery in physics in a century.

      But since it's six freaking nanoseconds, I'm gonna wait for something a little more substantial to overturn what we understood to be a fundamental law of the universe.

    • 8 months ago
  • Itsbatman_Durr
  • WagonMaster
  • NiceN
  • Buckeye_Bill
  • WagonMaster
  • Buckeye_Bill
    • +2
      Buckeye_Bill  
    • Image
    • WagonMaster:

      But, Kind Sir...that is the answer to youth! To stay young at heart, one must remain youthful in one's mental thinking.

      Not only are we what we eat, but how we view the world.

      I have kept my "eyes of youth" to use for observing life as if I were a child.

      I gaze in awe at what I see!

    • 8 months ago
  • entropyincarnate
  • Buckeye_Bill
  • WagonMaster
  • entropyincarnate
  • Buckeye_Bill
  • Buckeye_Bill
  • entropyincarnate
  • Buckeye_Bill
    • +1
      Buckeye_Bill  
    • Image
    • entropyincarnate:

      No can do.

      You'll have to go through the proper channels of "Flagging" this post.

      There are many, many here that will GLADY show you the "ropes", too!

      As I have witnessed copious amounts of my comments fall into the Moderator Discombobulation Distortion Decontaminator Device.

    • 8 months ago
  • Buckeye_Bill
    • +2
      Buckeye_Bill  
    • Image
    • Oh, for Heavan's Sake! I hate that when it happens!

      "The uploader has not made this video available in your country"!!!

      Yeah, knowledge MUST be controlled! We wouldn't want human beings to become edumacated!

      Daaaaaaaaaaaaaayaaaaaaaaaaaaaamn!

      }8^(

      Where there's a Buckeye_Bill...there's a way! I shall seek and learn!

      LOL

    • 8 months ago
  • good_stuff
    • +1
      good_stuff  
    • 60 nanoseconds sound a little unbeleivable. Granted, the LEC/CERN is pretty unbeleivable.

      Seriously, 60*10^-9 ( 60 billionths of a second or .00000006) seconds worth of difference as a paticle travels 500 miles. I'd like to see the stopwatch used to take this measurement. It seems unbeleivable that they could measure with that accurracy, and I won't beleive it until it is confirmed with soemthing different.

    • 8 months ago
  • noxidereus
  • Argon18
  • noxidereus
  • Dagum
  • Argon18
    • +5
      Argon18  
    • Image
    • The phrase "bypass Einstein" isn't all that accurate since it's more precise to say "bypass what most assume about Einstein"

      General and Special Relativity makes definite points about "inertial frames of reference" and how measurements in one can't be applied in another. So just just because particles can't travel faster than light in this "frame of reference" doesn't mean that particles can't in another.

      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_frame_of_reference

      That doesn't "bypass" what Einstein went to a lot of trouble to prove because it fits in with the theory, it only expands on what a lot of people interpreted it to mean.

      The hologram model is a fairly good one to describe it because "the interference patterns" that holograms are made up of show the "ripples of the brane universes interacting" and each of the "branes" is a different frame of reference

      The neutrino experiements done at the LHC gives an opportunity for more experiments to verify how "brane universes" operate as this paper from Cornell University Library on General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology postulates

      http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0603045

      "In asymmetrically warped spacetimes different warp factors are assigned to space and to time. We discuss causality properties of these warped brane universes and argue that scenarios with two extra dimensions may allow for timelike curves which can be closed via paths in the extra-dimensional bulk.

      In particular, necessary and sufficient conditions on the metric for the existence of closed timelike curves are presented. We find a six-dimensional warped metric which satisfies the CTC conditions, and where the null, weak and dominant energy conditions are satisfied on the brane (although only the former remains satisfied in the bulk).

      Such scenarios are interesting, since they open the possibility of experimentally testing the chronology protection conjecture by manipulating on our brane initial conditions of gravitons or hypothetical gauge-singlet fermions (sterile neutrinos) which then propagate in the extra dimensions."

    • 8 months ago
  • noxidereus
  • lenhart
    • +3
      lenhart  
    • This may be the smoking gun that proves our universe is a hologram, as many have recently speculated. The universe exists in four dimensions as does a hologram. But in a hologram any portion reprises the whole of it. If a hologram is cut into pieces, each piece projects the entire image as each piece contains all the information that is contained in the whole and in each piece as well. Cut a flat holograph into two pieces and all the information on the one can be found on the second piece. The 'information' will have appeared to an observer to have exceeded light speed. A professor demonstrating a fourth dimension to undergraduates placed an object on his desk and then replaced it with another object thus demonstrating that two volumes can occupy the same space at different times, proving that 'time' is a fourth dimension. But ---in a fourth dimensional hologram, all objects occupy all 'spaces' at the same time. That could be interpreted as a violation of Einstein ---but that may be premature.

      "Particles don't jump through wormholes; quantum jumps are an illusion created when a particle accelerates above detectability (i.e. light speed) by drawing energy from another particle already above light speed. When the drawn clone drops into detectability below light speed, the perceived effect is identical to a single identified particle that disappears in one place and reappears instantaneously in another." --The Universal Hologram http://users.rcn.com/zap.dnai/hyprholo.txt

    • 8 months ago
  • Vierotchka
    • +3
      Vierotchka  
    • See also http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/23/science-light-idUSL5E7KN33E20110923

      "Faster than light" particles may be physics revolution

      GENEVA, Sept 23 | Fri Sep 23, 2011 11:22am EDT

      (Reuters) - Leading scientists said on Friday the discovery of sub-atomic particles apparently traveling faster than light could force a major rethink of theories on the makeup of the cosmos if independently confirmed.

      Jeff Forshaw, a professor of particle physics at Britain's Manchester University, told Reuters the results if confirmed would mean it would be possible in theory to "send information into the past". "In other words, time travel into the past would become possible...(though) that does not mean we'll be building time-machines anytime soon."

      The CERN research institute near Geneva said measurements over three years had shown neutrinos pumped to a receiver in Gran Sasso, Italy, had arrived an average of 60 nanoseconds sooner than light would have done -- a tiny difference that could nonetheless undermine Albert Einstein's 1905 special theory of relativity

      "Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence, and this is an extraordinary claim," eminent cosmologist and astrophysicist Martin Rees told Reuters.

      "It is premature to comment on this," Professor Stephen Hawking, the world's most well-known physicist, told Reuters. "Further experiments and clarifications are needed."

      Professor Jenny Thomas, who works on neutrinos at CERN's friendly rival Fermilab near Chicago in the United States, commented: "The impact of this measurement, were it to be correct, would be huge."

      CERN's own research director Sergio Bertolucci said if the findings were confirmed -- and at least two separate laboratories are likely to start work on this in the near future -- "it might change our view of physics".

      The high level of caution is normal in science where anything that could be a breakthrough discovery, especially overturning well-established thinking, is in principle always checked and rechecked by other researchers.

      In a comment issued by CERN, the world's leading laboratory for particle research on the edge of Geneva, Bertolucci underscored this principle.

      "When an experiment finds an apparently unbelievable result and can find no artefact of the measurement to account for it, it is normal to invite broader scrutiny....it is good scientific practice," he said.

      The measurements were posted on the scientific website arxiv.org/abs/1109.4897 overnight.

      The discovery would open up intriguing theoretical possibilities.

      "Light speed is a cosmic speed limit and it exists in order to protect the law of cause and effect," said Professor Forshaw.

      "If something travels faster than the cosmic speed limit, then it becomes possible to send information into the past - in other words, time travel into the past would become possible. That does not mean we'll be building time-machines anytime soon though - there is quite a gulf between a time-travelling neutrino to a time-travelling human."

      GHOST PARTICLES

      The CERN team, working in an experiment dubbed OPERA, pumped neutrinos -- often called ghost particles because they pass through matter, and human bodies, unnoticed -- from CERN 730 kms (500 miles) to Gran Sasso south of Rome.

      Over three years, and from 15,000 neutrino "events", a huge detector at the Italian centre deep under mountain rock recorded what OPERA spokesman Antonio Ereditato described as the "startling" findings.

      He said his team had high confidence they had measured correctly and excluded any possibility of some outside influence, or artefact, affecting the outcome.

      "My dream is now that other colleagues find we are right," he added.

      In Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity, which underpins the current view of how the universe works, nothing can travel faster than light -- 300,000 kms, or 186,000 miles, per second -- because its mass would become impossibly infinite.

      Einstein's theory has been tested thousands of times over the past 106 years and only recently have there been just slight hints that the behaviour of some elementary particles of matter might not fit into it.

      These hints were detected last year in Fermilab's MINOS experiment with neutrinos, but -- unlike those of OPERA -- were found to be within a normal margin of error.

      Fermilab's Thomas, who is likely to be involved in MINOS experiments to check the CERN-Gran Sasso measurements, said if they were correct "it would overturn everything we thought we understood about relativity and the speed of light."

      Ereditato, a physicist who also works at the Einstein Institute in the University of Berne, said the potential impact on science "is too large to draw any immediate conclusions or attempt physics interpretations."

      SURPRISING WITH MYSTERIES

      Also declining to claim a genuine scientific discovery before other researchers had confirmed them, he said the neutrino, whose existence was first confirmed in 1934, "is still surprising us with its mysteries."

      Scientific bloggers on the Internet said the particle might be slipping into and out of dimensions, other than the known four of length, breadth, depth and time, as predicted by the controversial "string theory" of how the cosmos works.

      "Only when the dust finally settles should we dare draw any firm conclusions," said Professor Forshaw. "It is in the nature of science that for every new and important discovery there will be hundreds of false alarms."

    • 8 months ago
  • Itsbatman_Durr
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