Tech | January 10, 2012 | 53 comments

Climate change and sea level rise: "An emerging hockey stick"

JanforGore
From site: "Since we have such an active community of armchair oceanographers and spreadsheet Glaciologists here, I thought it would be useful to speak to the real thing, the people who actually spend time on the ocean, on the ice sheets, do the measurements, and come back to share that knowledge with us. I had just that opportunity at the American Geophysical conference in December.

I spoke to Josh Willis, Oceanographer with NASA at the Jet Propulsion Lab – Josh is one of best known young ocean scientists on the planet. He pointed me to the recent Kemp et al study of tidal marshes on the US East coast, which has produced a long record of sea level over the last 2000 years, complete with a very Hockey-stickish uptick during the last 200 or so.

Jason Box of the Byrd Polar Center at Ohio State was there, presenting evidence of acceleration in Greenland ice loss over the last 200 years. His bottom line – “If we talk 10 years from now, my expectation is that Greenland will be losing roughly double what it is now.”

I round out the video with takes from old pros lead NASA scientist Jim Hansen and Admiral David Titley, the US Navy’s Chief Oceanographer.

More at the link
~~~
And you can time it to the second how long it will take for the usual suspects who follow me to appear...They actually think they are converting people to believing their denier "religion" over actual scientists who are measuring the oceans and glaciers and what is right in front of our eyes. Laughable.
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53 comments // Climate change and sea level rise: "An emerging hockey stick" // Video

  • rerushg
    • 0
      rerushg  
    • Darn it! I've been away and missed the whole spitball fight! Can we start another one?
      Thanks, Jan, for your reply below. I'm up here because it seemed pointless to continue down there. It was getting somewhat cesspoolish.
      We're all familiar with the Theon/Hansen thing so no need to revisit that. And after over 30 years in science and tech I had no idea I was so poor at understanding charts. But indeed, that must be the case for I had no idea that the road to understanding water mass in Greenland leads through Cape Town.

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
  • Gravity_Man
    • +1
      Gravity_Man  
    • rerushg:

      I'm no good at weather charts but I learned how to do computer flowcharts in 1987 that taught me about a FLAW called the "repeating loop subroutine" that came in real handy in 2003. I designed a car engine that runs non-stop WITHOUT FUEL by making it have a similar repeating flaw.

      So I guess I'm a fail. No one wants an engine that makes its own fuel as yur driving down the highway. THAT WOULD BE CHEATING.

      HAHAHAHA

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
    • -3
      IceKat  
    • rerushg:

      "We're all familiar with the Theon/Hansen thing so no need to revisit that. "
      So why did you need a link?
      After 30 years in science you still cannot separate two comments and think a comment about Greenland is linked to a different comment about Capetown? Looks like 30 wasted years in "science".
      Don't worry about it, though, and don't go having an on-line breakdown like Jan did yesterday.
      Have a nice day.

    • 5 months ago
  • rerushg
  • rerushg
  • rerushg
    • +1
      rerushg  
    • IceKat:

      You mentioned Hansen in a disparaging way. I asked that you justify your accusations. The source and nature of the link helps me understand your motivation.
      Wasted? I can assure you that I'm quite comfortable with it. But once again you fail to address the issue. The fact remains that you cannot justify your position.
      LOL. I'm sure Jan is not troubled by little boys like you.

      And..I always have a nice day. You?

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
  • rerushg
  • Gravity_Man
    • +1
      Gravity_Man  
    • rerushg:

      I have better than Cold Fusion. My engine systems are simpler (CHEAPER) plus much faster implementation times. Mine are Advanced Steam Engines that do not "expand" H2O they go into VIOLENT EXPLOSION MODE.

      1. Zero Pollution.
      2. Don't use Fuels.
      3. Zero exhaust gases.
      4. Weight Reduction (cars & trucks).
      5. Replaces Nuclear Power Plants worldwide.

      But if they were built the race would end and the power brokers would stop getting their daily rush of new energy source suggestions. So they sit, alongside Tesla, Floyd Sweet, Italy's cold fusion, and so on & so forth. We're on a sleighride that never runs out of snow.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
    • -2
      IceKat  
    • rerushg:

      I did mention Hansen in a disparaging way, and with good reason. However, I don't need to answer to you or give you reasons for my opinions.

      Fail to address the issue? What issue, or are you just trying to play around with words because you have nothing solid to offer?

      I'm sure Jan isn't troubled by little ''boys' like me, she's far too busy trawling the internet looking for bad weather stories to blame us for.

      Have a nice day, and I hope you don't get RSI in that wrist of yours.

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
  • JanforGore
  • JanforGore
  • JanforGore
  • rerushg
  • Gravity_Man
  • rerushg
  • JanforGore
    • -1
      JanforGore  
    • Gravity_Man:

      Such concerted effort to build big skyscrapers in record time only shows our potential if we really used it. So I guess it really does come down to us as a species not really wishing to use it for what will truly benefit us. Our epitaph.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
  • rerushg
  • rerushg
  • rerushg
  • rerushg
    • -1
      rerushg  
    • JanforGore:

      Certainly we can be productive when need-be. Sometimes it seems, though, that we're determined to use all available resources and get everything "done" in the next 20 years or so. Then what do we do? Just "exist" with our beer, pina coladas, and soylent green?

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
    • +1
      Gravity_Man  
    • JanforGore:

      Life is like an Equation. Equations have all the Variables on the left side "set equal to" whatever's desired to pop out as being True on the right side.

      Right now all our equations are set equal to = Money. Every pull on people's time, efforts, sweat, the pursuit of happiness, all has to come up saying MONEY.

      MONEY OUT. THAT'S THE PROBLEM. Money should be on the left side of equations with all the other Variables => while on the right side SET TO BEING TRUE should always come up People Fed, People in Homes, People not gagging on air pollution and water pollution, No Gene damaged autistic or retarded or excessive stillborns.

      We invented calculators but we can't write equations.

    • 5 months ago
  • rerushg
    • 0
      rerushg  
    • Gravity_Man:

      I think I followed that. I have two thoughts:

      1. We're great at creating tech. We don't manage it worth a damn, if at all.
      2. Money is an entirely fictitious entity. If it was totally eradicated tomorrow the lives of 99% of people on Earth would not change in the slightest.

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
    • 0
      Gravity_Man  
    • rerushg:

      "Management of Tech" yeah, well, when Tech [and everything else] is MICRO-MANAGED OUT TH' YING YANG that's where your Money is going anyway.

      We are all out here busting our buns TO MAKE MONEY while the Control Freaks bent on controlling everything is charging us 55% of what we make to pay the people in those Control Booths (gov't employees).

      All of which means Workers are actually making Great Paychecks from which a great deal is used to run control algorithms on EVERYTHING... til you reach a point where NOBODY HAS NUTHIN' and the Control Freaks are enjoying large homes (yes, two or more) and 16-cylinder Bugatti automobiles.

      And the Control Freaks know as well as every cat knows water's wet, that my engines drops the whole house around their heads. So ya can't actually SOLVE ANYTHING what you can do is commission more studies and draw up more Charts to show why we are where we are, when if those monies were used to build the engines that solves all the problems was done THERE WOULDN'T BE ANY PROBLEMS.

      Like I said man, the Equation is written in such a way that the Result has to always equal MONEY, not solutions. The entire Shebang revolves around NEVER SOLVING ANYTHING.

      Just like how combustion engines are made Backwards. They were made wrong to start with so to FORCE THEM TO WORK they added a radiator and engine jacket, hoses, water pump and all that, to make WHAT WAS BAD APPEAR TO BE GOOD.

      Another reason the "PEOPLE ON TOP" have to stop engines from Tesla, Sweet, me, is they stop being "THE PEOPLE ON TOP" with their morning dip in the backyard cement ponds with naked Movie Actresses hoping to get a part in their next films. Taking in a little tennis, getting sweaty, little afternoon roll-in-the-hay delight with whoever else they can buy.

      Once Energy & Engines are solved the masseuse stops coming.

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
    • 0
      Gravity_Man  
    • rerushg:

      So technically Tech is managed JUST FINE because it's going ON THE SHELF WITH THE REST where they want it. AND THE WORKERS ANTS KEEP PUNCHING IN FOR ANOTHER DAY IN THE GALLIONS ROWING THEIR SHIP FOR THEM YOU SEE.

      HAHAHAHA Floyd Sweet designed a device (on YouTube) that is essentially a radio receiver, except it receives all that "static" our radios filter out. HIS DEVICE ATTRACTED IT and channeled through as it travels from all points out in Space to reach Earth Ground, which is what all electrical energies want to do => REACH THE GROUND.

      His device alone, called the V.T.A. (Vacuum Triode Amplifier named after vacuum radio tubes used in early radios & TV's) would give us, all of us, more energy than anyone could ever use.

      We are living in a petri dish. We may as well all be named Pete.

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
    • +1
      Gravity_Man  
    • Listen people this is ridiculous. Ocean water isn't the same stuff it was 10, 20, 30, 50, 80 years ago. It has been being polluted on an increasing curve not a straight line. THEREFORE ALL THE STUDIES BEING QUOTED DON'T MEAN SQUAT.

      YOU'RE ALL BOUNCING OFF THE WALLS FOR NOTHIN'.

      WE'RE PLOWING NEW GROUND. IN THE DARK. AT NIGHT.

      WITH BLINDERS ON TELLING YOU YOU CAN SEE.

      THE PLANET ONLY LOOKS THE SAME ON POSTCARDS.

    • 5 months ago
  • Johnny_Los_Angeles
    • +2
      Johnny_Los_Angeles  
    • I am certain that catastrophic climate change is certain and will be sudden, not a hundred years but happen quickly and soon. The average temperatures at the poles is now over 5 degrees above normal, all the ice is melting at rates they would have thought impossible just a few years ago. The big sudden push will be when the methane (20 times more powerful green house gas than co2) will be released from all the melting bogs and underwater methane hydrate which has already begun.

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
    • +3
      JanforGore  
    • http://www.climatewatch.noaa.gov/video/2011/greenland-ice-sheet-surface-melting-...

      Melting is increasing on Greenland. More snow actually makes more melt water, which precipitates dynamic ice flow. Air temperature also has an effect on water evaporation. It works in a cycle, and we are overloading that cycle.

      Video transcript:

      "Except for the edges, Greenland is buried in ice year round. Each winter, snowfall covers even the margin, leaving the entire island white. Each summer, the snow melts, exposing the rocky coastline, where glaciers pour out to sea through narrow fjords.

      In the past decade or so, the seasonal thaw has grown more dramatic. Meltwater runs in streams that plunge deep into the ice. Between June and August, these streams fill ice-dammed lakes that collapse under their own weight and pour water into the sea.

      This animation shows visible melting along the western edge of the Greenland Ice Sheet near the Jakobshavn Glacier (bottom left) each August between 2000 and 2011. Where the seasonal snow cover has melted completely at lower elevations near the coast, the ice looks gray. The dirty appearance is partly due to the fact that the bare ice is not as reflective as snow, but it also due to dust and debris layered on and embedded in the ice.

      Farther inland, at higher elevations, the seasonal snow cover remains, keeping the ice sheet looking bright. Melt ponds and streams look bright blue. In some years, the whole region is so saturated with melt water that it looks as blue as a raspberry slushy. The amount and extent of melting varies significantly from year to year, with 2003, 2007, and 2010 standing out as having very extensive melt zones.

      Year after year, surface melting, combined with the collapse of ice shelves and the increasingly rapid flow of Greenland glaciers, is contributing to sea level rise. According to the 2011 Arctic Report Card, ice mass loss from Greenland in 2011 was about 430 gigatons—enough ice to raise global sea level by just over 1 millimeter.

      Greenland satellite imagery from NASA’s Terra satellite, courtesy of Jeff Schmaltz, EOSDIS/LANCE Rapid Response Team. Opening globe from NASA’s Blue Marble. Animation by Hunter Allen and Robert Klein."

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
  • IceKat
    • -2
      IceKat  
    • JanforGore:

      Land based thermometers show a warm bias due to poor siting, even you should know that. This article says what you want to hear, and that's all that matters really.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
    • -1
      IceKat  
    • Image
    • JanforGore:

      Funny how not all surface stations show a warm bias.
      As we well know, the period around the 1930s was warmer than present. This has been eradicated from certain datasets. Stations with uncorrupted data show a more realistic picture. This chart ends in 2001, but we know there has been no warming this century.
      This data is not unique, other datasets show similar results.

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
    • +2
      JanforGore  
    • IceKat:

      Why don't you try actually reading something substantial instead of following me around like some lost puppy dog here as if I give two farts what you have to say. You can follow me until doomsday but it changes nothing and I"m not going anywhere because anytime you follow me to try to discredit what I post it only shows your fear of what I post. The information I posted is real, it is scientific, it is accurate .And your BS denial about where the thermometers are placed was already debunked in this article as it relates to one of your gurus no doubt, Watts, another BS denialist. Don't even think to come here anymore responding to me as if I place ANY credibility in your I LOVE CO2 trash. We know what you are.

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
  • IceKat
    • -2
      IceKat  
    • Image
    • JanforGore:

      BS? The chart shows unadjusted surface temperatures that does shows temperatures were warmer in the 30s. It is one of many charts showing similar results, in fact the BEST report that you relied upon so heavily to prop-up your failed global warming theory stated that one third of surface temperatures it used did not show an upward trend. Get that? One third of surface thermometers do not show global warming. The survey also mentioned the placement of surface thermometers and how many were corrupted by nearby sources of artificial warming: jet exhaust, barbecues and the like are all well documented and known to corrupt data.
      Here's a chart of Capetown, South Africa. Uncorrupted data speaks volumes.
      The reason the charts don't extend to today is because the person collating the data died some time ago. What is relevant is the charts show the warming we knew about in the 30s and show little or no warming in recent years. Also relevant is the fact that there has been no significant warming this century, so an extension of the data to today's date is pretty irrelevant.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
    • -2
      IceKat  
    • Image
    • JanforGore:

      I do read substantial papers and articles, many of which will never be brought to your attention. In fact I've been reading literature on meteorology for decades, too many decades.
      You see, Jan, the difference between us is I spend almost as much time reading extremist material as I do real science. At one time I was in your camp, I too believed CO2 played an important part in the slight warming we saw last century, although to be fair, I was always a little sceptical. But that's how science works. Any theory has to be tested to destruction and all comers have to be given full access to all data and methodology. The alarm bells began ringing in organisations around the world when 'scientists' withheld data and methodology and actually destroyed data.
      The story is long and complex, but we all know the outcome: science has been corrupted by a handful of people with political and ideological aims, and they use people like you as tools, or disciples, to spread their message. They must be laughing their socks off at people like you who will spew their messages of doom and gloom while they live their lavish lifestyles.

      Image shows Nuuk, unadjusted temperatures from 1890 to present. Spot the CO2 induced global warming.

      Have a nice day :)

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
    • +1
      JanforGore  
    • IceKat:

      I don't wish to now read your paid for excuses about how you were once "in my camp." You could never be in the camp I am in, because it is the camp of truth and humanity. You have been outted long ago here for your true motivations. The information posted here again is accurate. Deal with it.

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
    • +1
      Gravity_Man  
    • IceKat:

      Whew. You're very dishonest. Knowledgeable, well read, cherry-picking-dishonest. If it was warmer in the 1930's when there was barely 1 1/2 Billion people and 1/10 the pollution-spewing engines and power plants, WHAT PRAY TELL DOES THAT DO FOR US NOW???

      It tells me that if 2012 reaches the heat of the 1930's heatwave you believe in ADDED TO OUR ENGINES & COAL-BURNING POWER PLANTS means we are up against the wall with an awl through our ear. There isn't time for Carbon Credits.

      There isn't time for anything. Just your incessant screaming you're headed in the right direction, straight out of The Poseidon Adventure.

      One good Climate Pendulum swing through another 1930's is all we need and it's FRY BABY FRY, in your seat, when the air conditioning quits.

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
    • +1
      Gravity_Man  
    • Gravity_Man:

      Based on my assessment, and correct assessment of IceKat's cherry-picking that conveniently broad-blankets over important info, I can say with an EXTREMELY STRAIGHT FACE IF JESUS DOESN'T SAVE US WE'RE DEAD.

      2012 DEAD FROM IMMINENT MASS HUMAN DIE-OFF EXTINCTION EVENT.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
    • -2
      IceKat  
    • JanforGore:

      Actually yes, you have a point, I was never in the camp you're in. I was in a position to become interested in the man-made global warming theory, let's just put it that way.

      "The information posted here again is accurate. Deal with it."
      I do, that's why I'm here, though I rarely see any accuracy in your comments. All you do is post weather stories and hope people see your view that they are all caused by man. They're not. The data and information I post here shows that your comments are merely disinformation gathered from extremists such as Romm and others. You are unable to answer questions or offer explanations when confronted. You expect to be able to post propaganda here, unopposed, and then be admired for it. Well, to an extent it is working for you. It seems this forum is merely a gathering place of like-minded people who are also in the minority in the world. This, for you, is a safe haven where you think you can post extremist material at will. Well, my aim here is to show the casual viewer who may stumble into this site that there is a credible alternative to your slanted and cemented views.
      You have nowhere to go until Gore tells you otherwise. I, on the other hand, can change my mind when new evidence and data comes in. Contrary to your belief (though I doubt you actually believe it yourself) I am not in the pay of oil, coal or any other industry with a vested interest. That argument is well worn out and frankly, was so immature as to not even warrant a response.
      But immaturity is rife in you. Now you're saying you're going to report someone for harassing you, and all because he posts a story that counters your belief. Come on, get to grips with the real world. People are sick to death of being told to feel guilty, that the weather is their fault, and of being fed "the end is nigh" messages in a 21st century format.

    • 5 months ago
  • Gravity_Man
    • +1
      Gravity_Man  
    • IceKat:

      If you are lumping Jan and me in the "same minority" you only reveal how SLOPPY YOU ARE. The End is nigh but based on Scriptures and Calendar calculations NOT CLIMATE CHANGE.

      Climate Change is Jan's bag.

      That being said I do not avoid clear observations in climate so it is more than passing interest that the Climate is now in an incredible Winter Warming phase... because such a calm weather phase preceded World War I.

      We were expecting this to happen from longer ago that you've been working your still.

      Therefore we have multiple confirmations The End is Nigh both from your perspective AND Jan's and the Bible and The Weather, from every side we have convergence of The End being upon us. That's why you can argue Jan to a standstill but you cannot me. Jan has all her "eggs" in one basket.

      We carry many baskets. It looks like you and Jan are going to continue pulling each other's hair out over the one basket while totally oblivious to Armageddon's beginning soon. Suit yoself.

    • 5 months ago
  • Anonmaly
    • +2
      Anonmaly  
    • I wouldn't sweat the; petroleum, coal, or any other industrialists lobby...

      They're fleeting, they're loosing on a massive scale. Even if people could afford to live like they once did, there is no denying one of the warmest winters on record (right now), and over the past several years we've seen the top of the hottest summers ever list be filled with years we just made it through.....

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
  • IceKat
    • -5
      IceKat  
    • Image
    • From others who also spend time on Arctic ice taking measurements, but who aren't led by the extremist views of the discredited Hansen (who was described as an embarrassment by NASA):

      "For Greenland the maximum extension of the snow cover happens when the island is totally snow covered, wherefore the Greenland graph becomes stable each winter on a value corresponding to the total land area. Of greater interest for Greenland then becomes the minimum snow covered area reached each summer. This minimum value display variations throughout the observational period since 1966, but the overall trend appears to be that of an increasing trend in the size of the area covered by snow at the end of the summer in Greenland."

      So, for those hard of believing: Greenland is amassing snow at an increasing rate.

    • 5 months ago
  • rerushg
    • +2
      rerushg  
    • IceKat:

      Nice chart, IceKat. Thanks. I will be brief.

      1. Nice try.
      2. No extremist views from Hansen, just extreme reactions from those inconvenienced. I don't recall him being described as an embarrassment by NASA but I'm sure you'll provide us with the link for that.
      3. Nice chart. Accurate and relevant, but only a part of the story. Snow adds water mass. Ice melting and glacial calving cause loss of mass. The increasing mass of snow offsets only a small part of the melting/calving losses. Increasing global temperature causes more precipitation (snow) but, obviously, the melting as well. On balance, we lose.

      It's just good science, IceKat. Ignore it at your own peril.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
    • -2
      IceKat  
    • rerushg:

      Of course it's only part of the story. What did you expect, a complete manual of the climate?
      You have an interesting opinion, but that's all it is. You show little understanding of how things actually work.

    • 5 months ago
  • rerushg
    • 0
      rerushg  
    • IceKat:

      Apparently you can't provide any back-up for your characterizations of Hansen so we'll just ignore them as unjustifiable BS.
      You presented the chart as if it would debunk everything and those who would believe otherwise are either ignorant or misled. When challenged, you allow that "it's only part of the story" but insinuate that we would be unreasonable to expect you to present any more than that tiny piece. A complete manual is not necessary; I don't know why you might think it would be.
      The brief discussion of mass-in/mass-out was intended to simplify it for your benefit. You only brought the issue of Greenland snowfall to the table, so the only issue is delta water mass. It really is no more complicated than that. That is not an opinion; that is science. "... how things actually work.." is not relevant to this discussion.
      All that aside we're still left with the basic issue. You say "Greenland is amassing snow". I never disputed that, only it's meaning. You still have not explained the relevance.

    • 5 months ago
  • JanforGore
    • +1
      JanforGore  
    • rerushg:

      You will find this person and I suspect at least one or two others have been more than likely placed here to follow us around to post propaganda in the hope that like the fossil fuel and PR firms that hire people to infiltrate sites on the web (and of course ESPECIALLY Al Gore's site) that this is all you will get. Unjustifiable BS. They don't even realize that by stating that snow is increasing that only backs up the fact that we are overloading the hydrologic cycle and that added snow combined with warmer air temperatures will cause more meltwater and surface melt pools which will form moulins that go deep down through crevises to cause dynamic ice flow. Deniers cherrypick because they are paid for part and parcel by coal companies (Monckton as an example) and the fossil fuel companies and organizations like the Heartland Institute and American Petroleum Institute. They do nothing but fight against clean air, clean water, sustainable agriculture and even planting trees because they see it as some paranoid support of "communism." as well as profiting from doing it. I tell you, I think many of those who follow this line of thought are mentally impaired and need help at this point. Sorry to go on, but their collective prevarications and misinformation campaigns all of these years are now causing people to die and the biodiversity of this planet to be in danger for the future. It's time to win this conversation to save ourselves, because they damn well don't care.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
    • -2
      IceKat  
    • rerushg:

      I'm extremely sorry for not providing a link. Please accept my sincere apologies!
      Here you go:
      “Hansen was never muzzled even though he violated NASA's official agency position on climate forecasting (i.e., we did not know enough to forecast climate change or mankind's effect on it). Hansen thus embarrassed NASA by coming out with his claims of global warming in 1988 in his testimony before Congress."

      Read the whole article, you'll discover an ex-NASA scientist comes out as a sceptic - imagine that!!!

      ""As Chief of several of NASA Headquarters’ programs (1982-94), an SES position, I was responsible for all weather and climate research in the entire agency, including the research work by James Hansen, Roy Spencer, Joanne Simpson, and several hundred other scientists at NASA field centers, in academia, and in the private sector who worked on climate research," Theon wrote. "I appreciate the opportunity to add my name to those who disagree that global warming is man made.”"
      http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/01/28/nasa_climate_theon/

      The chart I presented, which you obviously neither understand nor understand the significance of indicates that, far from turning into a green desert, Greenland is in fact increasing mass. Your description of Greenland losing more mass is incorrect and your reasoning flawed, badly. Hence the retort that you show no understanding of the process.

      Keep up with the science, there are plenty of articles written in simple language that you may comprehend, if not you can always ask an adult.
      Good day.

    • 5 months ago
  • IceKat
  • LivingPong
    • 0
      LivingPong  
    • IceKat:

      You should actually take a trip to Greenland and meet and talk with the people who live there. They'll not only tell you about the problems they face and their experiences, they'll show you. The amount of methane escaping due to melting ice is growing at an increasing pace and local ecosystems face dire consequences as a result of the changing environment.

    • 5 months ago
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