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Nanotech may cure cancer
This report demonstrates the potential for molecule-sized "cellular robots" to perform the work of rebuilding cancerous cells on a massive scale. Whereas operating on cancer cells would require a physically impossible amount of work for humans, autonomous 'smart missles', deployed in massive numbers, could do the work for us.
The idea of such technology has been around for some time, but for the first time,
"By using tumor-targeting nanoparticles filled with chemotherapy drugs, scientists kept kidney and pancreas cancers from spreading through the bodies of mice."
Conclusively halting metastasis, these microscopic agents provide tangible evidence that such technology is moving beyond the purely theoretical realm.
This report demonstrates the potential for molecule-sized "cellular robots" to perform the work of rebuilding cancerous cells on a mas... more -
Deadly racism in Healthcare
After conducting a series of experiments designed to discover what, if any, prejudice doctors hold towards their African-American patients, researchers have concluded that racism may not be the worst consequence blacks face in the emergency room.
Blacks are far less likely to have primary care physicians, leading to more visits to the emergency room, rushed medical care, and longer times spent sick, between symptoms and diagnoses.
"A 2000 study demonstrated that doctors rated black patients as less intelligent, less educated, more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, more likely to fail to comply with medical advice, more likely to lack social support, and less likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation than whites, even after income, education and personality characteristics were taken into account."
Worse still, studies suggest that while doctors may not overtly discriminate between black and white patients, more subtle forms of racism still exist which may very well threaten the lives of African-American patients:
"It turns out the doctors didn't harbor any overt bias or prejudice. But the results of the IAT and the outcome of the heart attack scenario told us something quite different: More doctors subconsciously attributed negative traits to blacks (thinking them "uncooperative" or "bad") than whites. Worse was the way these biases translated into clinical decisions. While doctors diagnosed more blacks with a heart attack, they ended up prescribing treatment for blacks and whites in essentially equal numbers, meaning that black patients having heart attacks were going untreated. Further, as the degree of bias toward blacks increased, so did their likelihood of not getting treated."
After conducting a series of experiments designed to discover what, if any, prejudice doctors hold towards their African-American pati... more -
Op Under Hypnosis 'Was Pain Free'
There's no need for her to come round after a general anaesthetic, no nausea as she recovers, because Ms Coady was never put to sleep. She hypnotised herself.
"I didn't feel any pain" said the 67-year-old from Cambridgeshire. "I felt tugging- but that's not pain. I don't have any pain at the moment.
"I was just telling the surgeon, I felt uncomfortable as I had too many pillows! My positioning gave me more problems than the knee!"
There was no trance-like state or deep sleep for Ms Coady - at times during the surgery she even spoke to her surgeon, Ahmed Shair.
It was the third time Mr Shair from the private Orthopaedics and Spine Hospital in Peterborough had operated on her while she was hypnotised.
Ms Coady said her self-hypnosis began as soon as she was told she needed surgery, in this case three weeks ago.
She visualised situations to help her enter a pain-free 'zone'.
"I imagine two blocks of ice on my knee to freeze it and spray the top of my knee and that's all my preparation and I tell myself I won't feel any pain," she said.
"Later on I'm thinking what's happening and visualising the doctor, in my mind's eye I'll be thinking what he's seeing, looking at the tissues, and the tendons.
"I'm telling myself I'm ok, I won't have pain, and that's all there is to it."
Mr Shair assured us Ms Coady's arthroscopy is an extremely painful procedure, involving a number of cuts to the knee.
He admitted he preferred patients to have a general anaesthetic but said he respected her choice.
Ms Coady is now recovering at home. Any post-operative pain is also managed through the power of her mind.
She insisted this was no stunt or illusion - she's a trained hynotherapist who has found her own way to push the boundaries of conventional medicine.
There's no need for her to come round after a general anaesthetic, no nausea as she recovers, because Ms Coady was never put to sleep.... more -
American obesity: now in map form
Interesting map here that shows state-level obesity rates. The leanest state in the Union is Colorado. The fattest? Mississippi.
A bunch of southern states are in the top ranks of obesity, leading me to believe that a diet based around barbecue, fried chicken, and biscuits and gravy is not the road to svelteness (though it does sound delicious). Interesting map here that shows state-level obesity rates. The leanest state in the Union is Colorado. The fattest? Mississippi. ... more -
Body's own 'cannabis' is good for the skin, scientists find
"Scientists from Hungary, Germany and the UK have discovered that our own body not only makes chemical compounds similar to the active ingredient in marijuana (THC), but these play an important part in maintaining healthy skin.
This finding on "endocannabinoids" just published online in, and scheduled for the October 2008 print issue of, The FASEB Journal could lead to new drugs that treat skin conditions ranging from acne to dry skin, and even skin-related tumors ...
This research shows that we may have something in common with the marijuana plant," said Gerald Weissmann, MD. "Just as THC is believed to protect the marijuana plants from pathogens, our own cannabinoids may be necessary for us to maintain healthy skin and to protect us from pathogens."
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/0807021609...
"Scientists from Hungary, Germany and the UK have discovered that our own body not only makes chemical compounds similar to the active... more -
Healthy San Francisco still working out kinks
It's been a year since San Francisco initiated its Healthy San Francisco program, which aims at providing universal health care to its residents. There are still some problems to be solved regarding it (an actual timeline, who to induct into the program first, etc.), but the whole concept of a single city taking on a project such as this is remarkable. Do you think other cities should be taking this kind of initiative, or be waiting until the federal government goes for it? It's been a year since San Francisco initiated its Healthy San Francisco program, which aims at providing universal health care to its... more
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Britain's smoking ban 'has saved 40,000 lives'
It's been nearly a year since the nationwide ban on smoking, and a new report says that it triggered the biggest fall in smoking ever seen in England. According to figures, more than 2 billion fewer ciggies were smoked in the last year, and 400,000 people quit. Researchers say this will save 40,000 lives over the next decade. It's been nearly a year since the nationwide ban on smoking, and a new report says that it triggered the biggest fall in smoking ever ... more
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Depression strikes more Americans than cancer, AIDS, or coronary heart disease
Depression strikes about 17 million American adults each year--more than cancer, AIDS, or coronary heart disease--according to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). An estimated 15 percent of chronic depression cases end in suicide. Women are twice as likely as men to be affected.
Many people simply don't know what depression is. "A lot of people still believe that depression is a character flaw or caused by bad parenting," says Mary Rappaport, a spokeswoman for the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill. She explains that depression cannot be overcome by willpower, but requires medical attention.
Fortunately, depression is treatable, says Thomas Laughren, M.D., team leader for psychiatric drug products in FDA's division of neuropharmacological drug products.
In the past 13 years, the Food and Drug Administration has approved several new antidepressants, including Wellbutrin (bupropion), Prozac (fluoxetine), Zoloft (sertraline), Paxil (paroxetine), Effexor (venlafaxine), Serzone (nefazodone), and Remeron (mirtazapine).
According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), 80 to 90 percent of all cases can be treated effectively. However, two-thirds of the people suffering from depression don't get the help they need, according to NIMH. Many fail to identify their symptoms or attribute them to lack of sleep or a poor diet, the APA says, while others are just too fatigued or ashamed to seek help.
Left untreated, depression can result in years of needless pain for both the depressed person and his or her family. And depression costs the United States an estimated $43 billion a year, due in large part to absenteeism from work, lost productivity, and medical costs, according to the National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association.
Diagnosing the Disease
Medical professionals generally base a diagnosis of depressive disorder on the presence of certain symptoms listed in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. The DSM (presently in the fourth edition) lists the following symptoms for depression:
* depressed mood
* loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities
* changes in appetite or weight
* disturbed sleep
* slowed or restless movements
* fatigue, loss of energy
* feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
* trouble in thinking, concentrating, or making decisions
* recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
The diagnosis depends on the number, severity and duration of these symptoms.
Depression strikes about 17 million American adults each year--more than cancer, AIDS, or coronary heart disease--according to the Nat... more -
Existing Drug Reverses a Form of Mental Retardation in Mice
A drug already on the market for a completely unrelated condition could be used to treat a form of mental retardation linked to autism—if the results of a study in mice hold up, researchers report.
Scientists used rapamycin—a medication doctors prescribe to patients who have had transplants to prevent their bodies from rejecting the new organs—to treat learning disorders associated with a disease called tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in mice. TSC is a rare genetic disorder that causes brain tumors, seizures, learning disabilities, skin lesions and kidney tumors in the 50,000 Americans and one million people worldwide who have the disease.
Half of those with TSC are autistic, and as many as one in five people with the condition also suffer from mental retardation, so the hope is that rapamycin may be used to treat learning disabilities and short-term memory deficits in all kinds of autism as well, says neurobiologist and co-author of a study in Nature Medicine, Alcino Silva of the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles. A drug already on the market for a completely unrelated condition could be used to treat a form of mental retardation linked to autism... more -
Brain scientists discover why adventure feels good
Scientists have identified a primitive area of the brain that makes us adventurous -- a finding which may help explain why people routinely fall for "new" products when shopping.
Using brain scans to measure blood flow, British researchers discovered that a brain region known as the ventral striatum was more active when subjects chose unusual objects in controlled tests.
The ventral striatum is involved in processing rewards in the brain through the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine.
Scientists believe the existence of this age-old reward mechanism indicates there is an evolutionary advantage in sampling the unknown.
"Seeking new and unfamiliar experiences is a fundamental behavioral tendency in humans and animals. It makes sense to try new options as they may prove advantageous in the long run," said Bianca Wittmann of the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at University College London.
Being daring, however, also carries risks. Some choices could be dangerous and, in the modern world, selecting the new may, for instance, make consumers susceptible to marketing hype.
The positive feedback system in the brain could also contribute to some common vices.
"In humans, increased novelty-seeking may play a role in gambling and drug addiction, both of which are mediated by malfunctions in dopamine release," said Nathaniel Daw, now at New York University, who also worked on the study. Scientists have identified a primitive area of the brain that makes us adventurous -- a finding which may help explain why people rout... more -
Better Tools Needed For Assessing Infant Pain
ScienceDaily (June 25, 2008) — Currently used pain assessment tools may be underestimating the pain response in infants according to a study published in the open access journal PLoS Medicine this week. Dr. Rebeccah Slater and colleagues (University College London, UK) studied the association between cortical pain responses in young infants and currently used pain assessment tools which are based on behavioural and physiological measures, such as change in facial expression.
Evidence suggests that inadequate pain management in infants may have immediate and long-term effects. Repetitive pain in preterm infants has been associated with attention deficit disorder, learning disorders and behavioural problems in later childhood.
The researchers studied twelve clinically stable infants on 33 occasions when they required a heel lance for a clinical reason. The relationship between brain activity and a clinical pain score, calculated using the premature infant pain profile (PIPP), was examined in response to this painful event. They found that changes in brain activity correlated to the PIPP scores. These changes were more strongly linked to the behavioural components of the PIPP, e.g., facial expression, than physiological components, e.g., heart rate. They also observed no change in facial expression in 13 of the 33 test occasions but 10 of these showed a positive brain response.
While this was a small single-centre study on clinically stable infants, the results raise further awareness of the ability of infants to experience pain. And, as the authors say, the results highlight the possibility that "pain assessment based on behavioural tools alone should be interpreted with caution as they could under estimate the total pain response." ScienceDaily (June 25, 2008) — Currently used pain assessment tools may be underestimating the pain response in infants according to a... more -
Nurse Faces Sack After Undercover Whistleblowing
A nurse at London's Ealing hospital is facing the possibility of losing her job, after her part in an undercover Channel 4 documentary was revealed.
Considering that she bravely risked her job in order to highlight the less than stellar medical knowledge of some of her coworkers, this would be a terribly unjust state of affairs. A nurse at London's Ealing hospital is facing the possibility of losing her job, after her part in an undercover Channel 4 documentary... more -
Genetics of childhood trauma
Can genes protect abused children from future emotional turmoil?
Have you ever wondered why some people are so much more resilient than others? Why some can bounce back from trauma, whereas others are doomed to a lifetime of depression and other mental angst? A new study indicates that genes may have something (read: a lot) to do with it. Researchers report in the Archives of General Psychiatry that children who are physically and emotionally abused but have the most protective variant of CRHR1, a gene that controls the body's response to stress hormones, are less likely to suffer depression as adults. The finding could pave the way for new antidepression therapies, says lead study author Kerry Ressler, assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Emory University School of Medicine's Center for Behavioral Neuroscience. "We know that childhood abuse and early-life stress are among the strongest contributors to adult depression, and this study again brings to light the importance of preventing them," Ressler said. "But when these tragic events do occur, studies like this one ultimately can help us learn how we might be able to better intervene against the pathology that often follows." (Archives of General Psychiatry) Can genes protect abused children from future emotional turmoil? ... more -
Spotting the Hot Zones: Now We Can Monitor Epidemics Hour by Hour
If you want to stop a disease outbreak — or a bioterrorist attack — you have to act fast. But health information typically moves at the pace of the receptionist at your doctor's office. The goal of Essence, the Department of Defense's Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics, is to pick up the tempo. Begun in 1999 to collect health data in the Washington, DC, area, Essence now monitors much of the Military Health System, which includes 400 facilities around the world.
"You don't have to be accurate to detect things," says Jay Mansfield, director of strategic information systems at the Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, one of the agencies that developed Essence. "But you do need to be precise." Reports from every clinic, doctor, and pharmacy get broken into broad syndrome categories rather than specific diseases. One doctor might diagnose bronchitis and another pneumonia, but Essence doesn't care. It's just looking for similar illnesses and where and when they occur. "It's like a fire alarm," Mansfield says. "It goes off if there's smoke, so you can get in the kitchen and see what's going on."
Because 100 megabytes of data come in every day — the team stores 18 months' worth, about 2.5 terabytes — there's often more smoke than fire. A pharmacy running out of antidiarrheals could signal an outbreak of E. coli or just a two-for-one sale. Essence expanded to include new sources (like radiology and laboratory tests) this spring, which means the data issues just got even more complicated. The trick is parsing the data as it comes in so that patterns emerge in hours instead of days. "We detected a gastrointestinal outbreak in Korea," Mansfield says. "I called my boss, and he asked me, 'When did it happen?'"
Korea is 13 hours ahead of Washington. So Mansfield simply answered: "Tomorrow." If you want to stop a disease outbreak — or a bioterrorist attack — you have to act fast. But health information typically moves at th... more -
DNA Testing Company Stops Direct-to-Consumer Sales in California
A genetic testing company has stopped direct-to-consumer sales in California as a result of receiving a cease-and-desist letter from the state's health department.
HairDX, which offers a genetic test that claims to predict clients' risk of hair loss, has decided, on advice of legal counsel, to require California (and New York) residents to order their tests through a doctor.
Other companies targeted by California continue to sell their services in the state, but HairDX's CEO, Andy Gores, said closing down their Internet orders in the market was an easy decision.
"It's not our mainstay business," Gores said. "We are focused mainly on [selling through] doctors."
Still, the company's decision to stop offering its genetic test to California residents is a sign that the Public Health Department's cease-and-desist letters are already having an impact on the nascent genetic testing industry.
On June 9th, the Laboratory Field Services division sent the letters to thirteen genetic testing companies. So far, in addition to HairDX, only Navigenics, 23andMe and DNATraits have confirmed they received a letter.
The Health Department requested responses to the letters by today, June 23, containing plans for coming into compliance with the department's interpretation of California state clinical laboratory testing laws.
Gores, like representatives from other genetic testing companies Wired.com has spoken with, voiced frustration with the health department's one-letter-fits-all regulatory action.
"I think their letter is a shotgun approach," he said. "The 23andMes of the world are more in the entertainment realm... We're on the opposite end of the spectrum."
The company's attorney, Elliott J. Stein, said he was preparing a response for the state, but was unsure of exactly what type of compliance plan the state desired.
"I don't know how all of this is supposed to play out," he said, but was confident that his client's business would ultimately prove acceptable to the health department.
In the meantime, Laboratory Field Services' chief Karen Nickel's declaration that California is "no longer tolerating direct to consumer genetic testing," has already succeeded in pushing one company out of the state. A genetic testing company has stopped direct-to-consumer sales in California as a result of receiving a cease-and-desist letter from t... more -
Indian baby 'back from the dead'
Hospital authorities in India have ordered an independent inquiry after a baby was declared dead, only to make an apparently miraculous return to life.
The baby girl - born in the city of Mumbai (Bombay) - was diagnosed as stillborn on Monday night.
But she astonished her distraught family by gurgling as they took her off to the cemetery the next day.
It is thought she revived after the effect of drugs - given to her mother during a complicated labour - wore off.
Hospital authorities say they are now investigating possible negligence by staff who attended the birth.
'Limp at birth'
"We have to fix responsibility," said Dr Suleiman Merchant, acting dean of Sion Hospital in Mumbai where the child was delivered.
"The doctors who were on duty are being questioned and the inquiry will last the entire day."
Correspondents say that it is not clear when or even if the results of the independent inquiry will be made public.
Dr Merchant said that the 30-year-old mother of the child - who was seven months pregnant - suffered life threatening convulsions and high blood pressure over the weekend, which required powerful medicines.
He said that that the doctors believed that the baby - who was limp at birth - had no heart beat and no pulse.
She was given a death certificate on Tuesday morning and two hours later her body was handed over to her parents.
But later, when the effect of medicines wore off, Dr Merchant said that the baby "showed attempts to breathe".
"Under such circumstances, it would appear that doctors had no reason to assume that the baby was dead," he said. "There is on the face of it a case of negligence to be answered."
As the grieving parents made their way to the cemetery, the baby reportedly started gurgling and was rushed back to the hospital.
She is reported still to be in a critical condition and is on a ventilator.
Medical experts say the most likely explanation for what happened is that drugs given to the mother suppressed the baby's heart beat - which would have grown stronger once the effects of the drugs wore off. Hospital authorities in India have ordered an independent inquiry after a baby was declared dead, only to make an apparently miraculou... more -
Legislation That Would Eliminate HIV Test Written Consent Requirement
Several physicians in Rhode Island are calling on the General Assembly to pass legislation (HB 8271) that would waive a requirement that people receiving an HIV test sign a written consent form, the Providence Journal reports. According to the Journal, proponents of the bill are calling on the Assembly to pass the measure before the legislative session adjourns, which could be as early as Friday.
Under the measure, sponsored by Rep. Eileen Naughton (D), it would be illegal to administer an HIV test without patients' knowledge or consent. However, doctors would no longer be required to obtain written consent, which some health workers say is a hindrance to early testing. The medical community has said the measure preserves adequate pretest counseling. In addition, the bill could help reduce costs because HIV-positive people would be diagnosed at an earlier stage of the disease, Nicole Alexander, an infectious-diseases physician at Rhode Island Hospital, said.
Health workers "are seeing people who have not had HIV testing previously, so we're finding HIV very late in the course of their disease," Alexander said, adding, "This is something that could have been prevented if we could have eliminated the barriers" to early testing.
American Civil Liberties Union Rhode Island is opposed to the measure, saying that it would reduce pretest counseling. Steven Brown, executive director of ACLU Rhode Island, said, "The doctors are acting as if that piece of paper is such an incredible burden that they can't give anybody tests." He added that the group's position is that "informed consent is a very important criterion" to HIV testing because HIV-associated stigma and discrimination "remains really great."
According to the Journal, HIV cases are increasing in the state, especially among heterosexual women. Experts estimate there are about 500 HIV-positive people living in the state who are unaware of their status. "Those 500 people will cause more than half of the estimated 130" newly diagnosed cases next year, Brian Alverson, a pediatrician at Hasbro Children's Hospital and professor at Brown University's Alpert Medical School, said. "If these 500 people are tested, transmission rates will fall dramatically," Alverson added (Needham, Providence Journal, 6/19).
Reprinted with kind permission from http://www.kaisernetwork.org. You can view the entire Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, search the archives, or sign up for email delivery at http://www.kaisernetwork.org/dailyreports/healthpolicy. The Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report is published for kaisernetwork.org, a free service of The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Several physicians in Rhode Island are calling on the General Assembly to pass legislation (HB 8271) that would waive a requirement th... more -
Drug Enforcement Administration To Propose Rule To Allow E-Prescribing Of Controll...
The Drug Enforcement Administration as early as next week plans to announce a proposed rule that would allow electronic prescribing of medications classified as controlled substances, according to an individual familiar with the situation, the Wall Street Journal reports. The rule, which would require a public comment period, likely will include security requirements to ensure the legitimacy of prescriptions for controlled substances, which account for about 10% to 13% of all U.S. prescriptions.
The rule would apply to "Schedule IV" medications -- such as the insomnia treatments Lunesta and Ambien, as well as the anti-anxiety medication Xanax -- and "Schedule V" medications, such as the pain treatment Lyrica. According to an individual familiar with the situation, the rule also would apply to "Schedule II" medications, the most restricted category, which includes the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatments Concerta, Adderall and Ritalin and the pain medication OxyContin.
The rule, in conjunction with a Medicare bill that would encourage physicians to use e-prescribing, might "finally lead to widespread adoption" of the practice, as many physicians to date "have been reluctant to purchase the technology because of concerns including cost and DEA restrictions," the Journal reports. Fewer than 10% of U.S. physicians currently use e-prescribing (Fields/Wilde Mathews, Wall Street Journal, 6/20).
Reprinted with kind permission from http://www.kaisernetwork.org. You can view the entire Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report, search the archives, or sign up for email delivery at http://www.kaisernetwork.org/dailyreports/healthpolicy. The Kaiser Daily Health Policy Report is published for kaisernetwork.org, a free service of The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
The Drug Enforcement Administration as early as next week plans to announce a proposed rule that would allow electronic prescribing of... more -
Investigation into relationships between pharmaceutical industry, FDA & medica...
Takes a look at why patented drugs are so readily prescribed by doctors, the role insurance companies and HMO's play in promoting compliance, and the problem of rising health care costs. An in-depth investigation into the symbiotic relationships between the pharmaceutical industry, the FDA, lobbyists, lawmakers, medical schools, and researchers, and the impact this has on consumers and their health care.
One and a half hour show...grab your iced tea and sit back : )
Takes a look at why patented drugs are so readily prescribed by doctors, the role insurance companies and HMO's play in promoting comp... more -
Radiation Exposure: 24 Hour Cell Phone Use = 1600 Chest X-Rays! - ALEEKA.COM
Got wireless? Just call it "X-ray"
No sane parent would submit his child to 1600 chest X-rays over a 24 hour period. Yet a mere 24 hours of wireless phone radiation can inflict the same damage to a child’s tissues as 1600 chest X-rays. This is the crux of studies completed by 12 groups of researchers from seven European countries who collaborated in the REFLEX study project to gauge the effects of wireless radiation on human health. REFLEX scientists have released the comet assay slides (22) pictured above.
The U.S. government allowed wireless phones to be put on the market in the 1980s with absolutely no safety testing. Today, REFLEX research demonstrates that Wi-phones blasting high-frequency microwaves are basically personal X-ray devices. This shocking reality gives rise to the term "Generation X-ray." Consumers aren’t permitted to buy household X-ray machines. Yet comparably lethal wireless devices are handed out to grade school kids for heavy and indiscriminate use, with virtually no hazard warnings and no medical supervision.
Tissue damage from wireless microwave radiation is known to be as cumulative as that from ionizing X-radiation. If we divide the tissue damage of 1600 chest X-rays by 24 cell phone hours, we could make the following postulations about Generation X-ray:
• For each minute a child presses a microwave phone to his head, he may suffer radiation damage equivalent to approximately 1.1 chest X-rays.
• For each hour a child uses a transmitting wireless phone or wireless laptop to communicate, watch videos/TV or play games, he may be exposing his developing brain, eye and gut tissues to radiation damage equivalent to 66.6 chest X-rays.
Ionizing X-radiation, like that used for chest X-rays and other medical procedures, is on carcinogen "List One," compiled by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization. IARC ranks X-radiation on par with gamma radiation, plutonium, dioxin and benzene, all known to induce cancer in both animals and humans. There is no "safe" dose determined for any substance or exposure on IARC’s List One.
It’s sobering that microwave radiation, blasting from an entire generation’s wireless phones, inflicts the same kind of DNA damage as ionizing radiation on IARC’s carcinogen List One. What REFLEX studies prove is how quickly that devastating damage takes place. Got wireless? Just call it "X-ray" ... more
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